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However, vaccine efficacy is decreased against emerging variants, and immune memory is relatively short-lived. Here, we added new T cell epitopes to the RBD (receptor-binding domain) mRNA vaccine and identified a SARS-CoV-2 membrane epitope that significantly improved vaccine-induced immunity and protection in vivo. That new vaccine, designated G1-C, induced 8.2-fold higher levels of RBD-specific antibodies than did RBD and enhanced spike-specific T cell and B cell responses. Remarkably, the G1-C modulated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and increased levels of B and NK cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways in bone marrow potentially via Fos, Klf4, and Klf6 transcription factors. Altogether, these findings identify a new vaccine candidate to control viral infection by affecting the lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias and suggest the potential role of T cell epitopes in vaccine design and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.02.709177","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T04:05:27Z","timestamp":1772597127000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses and\n                  <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                  protection against SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaesu","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular 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