{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:27:57Z","timestamp":1788532077966,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":41,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R01 AI139267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI139267"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R44 AI167605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 AI167605"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Vaccines targeting outer surface protein A (OspA) of\n                  <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  protect against Lyme disease by eliciting antibodies that neutralize spirochetes in the\n                  <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                  tick midgut during engorgement before transmission occurs. We evaluated whether different delivery vehicles and administration routes for a modified OspA construct (OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  ) differed in protective efficacy. Four groups of nine C3H-HeN mice were immunized with OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  delivered intranasally by live parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5- OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  ) or by subcutaneous administration of recombinant protein adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (rOspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  ) using three prime-boost regimens and a vector\/adjuvant control: homologous intranasal PIV5-OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  (IN\/IN), homologous subcutaneous rOspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  (SC\/SC), and heterologous intranasal PIV5-OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  prime\/subcutaneous rOspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  boost (IN\/SC). Mice were challenged on day 90, approximately 2 months after the boost, with nymphal ticks infected with 19 strains of\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  . All OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  -containing vaccines elicited high antigen-specific IgG antibody titers (geometric mean titers of 10\u2074\u201310\u2076, approximately 4 log\u2081\u2080 higher than the control group), reduced\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  loads in engorged nymphal ticks by 1.7-2 Log\n                  <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                  , neutralized\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  motility in multi-strain cultures, and prevented recovery of viable spirochetes from tissues after tick challenge. While one mouse (1\/9, 11%) in the heterologous IN\/SC vaccinated group had detectable\n                  <jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>\n                  DNA in tissues and seroreactivity to\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  PepVF, culture of spirochetes from heart and bladder showed no evidence of active infection. Although homologous immunization produced the most consistent results in mice, different delivery vehicles and routes of immunization with OspA\n                  <jats:sub>BPBPk<\/jats:sub>\n                  vaccines did not affect overall efficacy as assessed by recovery of viable\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  from tissues.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.03.709130","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T02:45:12Z","timestamp":1772678712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modified OspA Delivered Via Distinct Vehicles and Routes Confers Equivalent Protection Against Tick-Transmitted\n                  <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8591-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suman","family":"Kundu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg","family":"Joyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olifan","family":"Abil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Gingerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CyanVac, LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran Blake","family":"Holloman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CyanVac, LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CyanVac, LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CyanVac, LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3715-4543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gomes-Solecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026090406250987000_2026.03.03.709130v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16090","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.90","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"2","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026090406250987000_2026.03.03.709130v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae639","article-title":"The current and future state of vaccines for Lyme disease","volume":"81","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Infect 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