{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:56:02Z","timestamp":1783655762398,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":56,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Linezolid is a critical last-resort antimicrobial for multidrug-resistant\n                  <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                  , particularly against vancomycin-resistant lineages where therapeutic options are severely limited. While resistance has historically arisen through\n                  <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                  chromosomal mutations, the global emergence of transferable resistance mechanisms threatens to render more infections untreatable. Here, we characterise a recent (2023\u20132024) hospital-associated outbreak of linezolid-resistant\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                  in Queensland, Australia. Although the cohort comprised a variety of sequence types, the outbreak was primarily driven by the clonal expansion of an ST80 lineage carrying the plasmid-borne\n                  <jats:italic>poxtA<\/jats:italic>\n                  gene.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Standard short-read genomic surveillance failed to resolve the genetic context of the resistance determinant. However, long-read sequencing revealed that\n                  <jats:italic>poxtA<\/jats:italic>\n                  was carried within a novel transposon, Tn\n                  <jats:italic>8026<\/jats:italic>\n                  , situated on a linear plasmid. Structural analysis defined Tn\n                  <jats:italic>8026<\/jats:italic>\n                  as a unique element flanked by IS\n                  <jats:italic>1678<\/jats:italic>\n                  and the novel insertion sequence IS\n                  <jats:italic>Efa26<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Furthermore, we identified an instance of Tn\n                  <jats:italic>8026<\/jats:italic>\n                  integration into the chromosome, providing functional evidence of its mobility and capacity for stabilisation within the genome.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Global genomic screening demonstrated that Tn\n                  <jats:italic>8026<\/jats:italic>\n                  significantly predates the local outbreak, identified in a historical Norwegian isolate from 2012, indicating a long-standing yet unrecognised global reservoir. Phylogenomic analysis provided strong evidence that the linear plasmid was imported from the Indian subcontinent, initiating a chain of silent dissemination in eastern Australia where the lineage circulated undetected prior to clinical recognition. Crucially, we also confirmed the presence of the linear plasmid in\n                  <jats:italic>Enterococcus gallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n                  , demonstrating its capacity to mobilise transmissible linezolid resistance across enterococcal species boundaries. These findings emphasise the need for detailed long-read-based surveillance of mobile genetic elements, with a particular focus on identifying linear plasmids that are often overlooked.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.04.26347163","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:45:06Z","timestamp":1772682306000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel transposon Tn\n                  <i>8026<\/i>\n                  contributes to the global spread of transmissible linezolid resistance in\n                  <i>Enterococcus<\/i>\n                  via a linear plasmid"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3683-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, 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Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1196-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Runnegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Management Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Greater Brisbane Clinical School, The Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-0345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick N A","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Central Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Herston Infectious 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