{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:00:12Z","timestamp":1774278012699,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"group-title":"Genetic and Genomic Medicine","reference-count":65,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) markedly reduces quality of life, and its genetic basis remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed GWAS meta-analyses of four UI phenotypes, using hospital-based data from 1,045,436 individuals from the Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study (HUNT), UK Biobank, FinnGen, and the Michigan Genomics Initiative, and self-reported UI from 56,957 females from HUNT and the Nurses\u2019 Health Study.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We identified 54 (52 novels) genetic loci associated with at least one UI phenotype. Analyses revealed tissue-specific involvement, with connective and muscular tissues for stress UI, and neural tissues for urge UI, and supported key roles of SUI-prioritized genes in the extracellular matrix organization and muscle function. Further, genetic variations contributes to UI through inflammation, immune, and aging pathways. We identified smoking, higher BMI, higher parity, and pelvic organ prolapse as causal risk factors for UI in females, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in males. Our findings identify key genetic factors, tissues, pathways, and causal underlying UI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.12.26346952","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T22:45:27Z","timestamp":1773441927000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-wide association meta-analyses over one million individuals identify 54 loci associated with urinary incontinence and its subtypes"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1106-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Bertucci-Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reyhane","family":"Eghtedarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristomo","family":"Andries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent F.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Signe N.","family":"Stafne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Clinic of Rehabilitation, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sweta","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FinnGen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagny","family":"Gulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordlandet legesenter, Kristiansund, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna M.","family":"Ollila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK"},{"name":"University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia M.","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eivind","family":"Coward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Hveem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Surakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta R.","family":"Moksnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Levanger Hospital, Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke N.","family":"Wolford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3058-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben M.","family":"Brumpton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway"},{"name":"Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim 7030, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026032307100727000_2026.03.12.26346952v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y"},{"key":"2026032307100727000_2026.03.12.26346952v2.2","unstructured":"Milsom I , Altman D , Cartwright R , Lapitan MC , Nelson R , Sill\u00e9n U , et al. 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