{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:24:30Z","timestamp":1774538670605,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":117,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic>\n                  biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan is essential for bacterial viability under many growth conditions and is a well-validated antibiotic target. Although generally not essential for bacterial fitness under standard laboratory growth conditions, peptidoglycan recycling can aid bacterial survival under host or antibiotic stress. Peptidoglycan consists of alternating sugars\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  -acetylmuramic acid (Mur\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac) and\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  -acetylglucosamine (Glc\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac) cross-linked by peptides. Recycling of these sugars can proceed via Glc\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac and glucosamine intermediates (\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  -type) or, in the case of Mur\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac, bypass these intermediates altogether (\n                  <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                  -type). We serendipitously discovered that the pathogen\n                  <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                  and model organism\n                  <jats:italic>M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                  assimilate 2-modified Mur\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac probes into their peptidoglycan despite lacking the\n                  <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                  -type machinery that is normally required for incorporation of these molecules. Our data suggest that unmodified and 2-modified Mur\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac incorporate into\n                  <jats:italic>M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                  peptidoglycan via multiple pathways, the former preferentially via an\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  -type route and the latter preferentially via a non-\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  , non-\n                  <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                  -type route with Glc\n                  <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                  Ac but not glucosamine intermediates. These findings reveal metabolic flexibility in mycobacterial cell wall recycling that encompasses a previously undescribed pathway.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cell wall biosynthesis is critical for bacterial replication under many conditions and is a successful drug target. Recycling of cell wall components is often dispensable under laboratory conditions but can promote bacterial survival under stress. We find that mycobacterial species can recycle a cell wall sugar via a mechanism distinct from those used by other bacteria. As pathogenic mycobacteria are subject to stress from the host environment and antibiotics, this mechanism is a potential novel vulnerability for these organisms.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.23.713626","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:10:28Z","timestamp":1774383028000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic flexibility and an unusual route for peptidoglycan muramic acid recycling in mycobacteria"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Stravoravdis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bella R.","family":"Carnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"},{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Wodzanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Havaleshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Fils-Aime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Putnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine Leimkuhler","family":"Grimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8232-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Sloan","family":"Siegrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"},{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puffal J , Garc\u00eda-Heredia A , Rahlwes KC , Siegrist MS , Morita YS . 2018. Spatial control of cell envelope biosynthesis in mycobacteria. Pathog Dis 76.","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty027"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang X , Zhao R , Qi Y , Yan X , Qi G , Peng Q . 2024. The progress of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug targets. Frontiers in Medicine Volume 11\u20132024.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1455715"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358591a0"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.11.2484"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00558-10"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx316","article-title":"Identification of novel mutations associated with cycloserine resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"72","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000317"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.09.002"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202051034"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pohane AA , Carr CR , Garhyan J , Swarts BM , Siegrist MS . 2021. Trehalose Recycling Promotes Energy-Efficient Biosynthesis of the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope. mBio 12.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02801-20"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.2c00396","article-title":"A Bifunctional Chemical Reporter for in Situ Analysis of Cell Envelope Glycan Recycling in Mycobacteria","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12337"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17084","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.84","article-title":"Metabolic anticipation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10975-7"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014642108"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00923-16"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0036"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.18","first-page":"e00092","article-title":"The N-Acetylmuramic Acid 6-Phosphate Phosphatase MupP Completes the Pseudomonas Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathway Leading to Intrinsic Fosfomycin Resistance","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00102-17"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky289","article-title":"Peptidoglycan recycling contributes to intrinsic resistance to fosfomycin in Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"73","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tajuelo A , Terr\u00f3n MC , L\u00f3pez-Siles M , McConnell MJ . 2023. Role of peptidoglycan recycling enzymes AmpD and AnmK in Acinetobacter baumannii virulence features. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Volume 12\u20132022.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1064053"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.22","first-page":"e02019","article-title":"Impact of Peptidoglycan Recycling Blockade and Expression of Horizontally Acquired \u03b2-Lactamases on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367652","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2367652","article-title":"NagZ modulates the virulence of E. cloacae by acting through the gene of unknown function, ECL_03795","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.21.644609:2025.03.21.644609"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2308940120"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002597"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10586-2"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.110597:110597"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00416a034"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90558-6"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00067.x","article-title":"Co-ordinated regulation of amino sugar biosynthesis and degradation: the NagC repressor acts as both an activator and a repressor for the transcription of the glmUS operon and requires two separated NagC binding sites","volume":"14","year":"1995","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.2.506"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.8.2385-2392.2004"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502208200"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00027-07"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00448-09"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01256-09"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1060847"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.11.3643-3649.2005"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.4.1660-1662.2006"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi8014532"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7399-x"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1289","article-title":"A cell wall recycling shortcut that bypasses peptidoglycan de novo biosynthesis","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Chemical Biology"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2019.06.006"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.620989"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.7.2341-2347.2005"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411006200"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15324-1","article-title":"Peptidoglycan compositional analysis of Mycobacterium smegmatis using high-resolution LC\u2013MS","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10192","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200801734","article-title":"Bacterial Surface Engineering Utilizing Glucosamine Phosphate Derivatives as Cell Wall Precursor Surrogates","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15015","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15015","article-title":"Metabolic labelling of the carbohydrate core in bacterial peptidoglycan and its applications","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1002\/cpch.74","article-title":"Metabolic Incorporation of N-Acetyl Muramic Acid Probes into Bacterial Peptidoglycan","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current protocols in chemical biology"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.07.024","article-title":"Chemical Biology Tools for Examining the Bacterial Cell Wall","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Chem Biol"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00268","article-title":"Protected N-Acetyl Muramic Acid Probes Improve Bacterial Peptidoglycan Incorporation via Metabolic Labeling","volume":"16","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Biology"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00729"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c13644"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.2c00333","article-title":"Investigating Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathways in Tannerella forsythia with N-Acetylmuramic Acid Bioorthogonal Probes","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02040.x"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.3031-3037.2004"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/122.3.491"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03091.x"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.014"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c01062","article-title":"The Mycomembrane Differentially and Heterogeneously Restricts Antibiotic Permeation","volume":"11","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16274","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.274","article-title":"Programmable transcriptional repression in mycobacteria using an orthogonal CRISPR interference platform","volume":"2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Judd JA , Canestrari J , Clark R , Joseph A , Lapierre P , Lasek-Nesselquist E , Mir M , Palumbo M , Smith C , Stone M , Upadhyay A , Wirth SE , Dedrick RM , Meier CG , Russell DA , Dills A , Dove E , Kester J , Wolf ID , Zhu J , Rubin ER , Fortune S , Hatfull GF , Gray TA , Wade JT , Derbyshire KM . 2021. A Mycobacterial Systems Resource for the Research Community. mBio 12.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02401-20"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.14590"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47905-y"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01467-18"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb3004995"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Heredia A , Pohane AA , Melzer ES , Carr CR , Fiolek TJ , Rundell SR , Lim HC , Wagner JC , Morita YS , Swarts BM , Siegrist MS . 2018. Peptidoglycan precursor synthesis along the sidewall of pole-growing mycobacteria. Elife 7.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.37243"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21490","article-title":"DivIVA concentrates mycobacterial cell envelope assembly for initiation and stabilization of polar growth","volume":"75","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton (Hoboken"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0054021","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00540-21","article-title":"Cell Wall Damage Reveals Spatial Flexibility in Peptidoglycan Synthesis and a Nonredundant Role for RodA in Mycobacteria","volume":"204","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12892"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/IJSEM.0.004332\/CITE\/REFWORKS"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b03304"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi047704w"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prithviraj M , Shivangi , Freundlich JS , Morita YS. 2025. Proton gradient controls the lateral rearrangement of inner membrane domains in response to membrane fluidizer stress in Mycobacterium smegmatis . Journal of Biological Chemistry 301.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.110361"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.01039-20"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000516751","article-title":"Peptidoglycan Salvage Enables the Periodontal Pathogen Tannerella forsythia to Survive within the Oral Microbial Community","volume":"31","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbial Physiology"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.539","article-title":"Uptake of unnatural trehalose analogs as a reporter for Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"7","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Chemical Biology"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3062419"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402158111"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720996115"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201800687"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.05.009","article-title":"Chemical probes for tagging mycobacterial lipids","volume":"65","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16337","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c07430","article-title":"Biosynthetic Glycan Labeling","volume":"143","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c09495","article-title":"Selective Glycan Labeling of Mannose-Containing Glycolipids in Mycobacteria","volume":"146","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00617"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2422185122"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11189","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c17913","article-title":"Intercepting a Mycobacterial Biosynthetic Pathway with Covalent Labeling","volume":"147","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.10.004","article-title":"Unusual features of the cell cycle in mycobacteria: polar-restricted growth and the snapping-model of cell division","volume":"87","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1216166"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3470"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044582"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12169"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3299"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00421-5"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02213-16"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008284","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008284","article-title":"Identification of new components of the RipC-FtsEX cell separation pathway of Corynebacterineae","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Genetics"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-018-0206-1"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1460-0_16"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.19.6150-6157.1993"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.18.5788-5795.1994"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700840115"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)93160-1"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.118.3.1111-1122.1974"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.132.2.398-410.1977"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-138-10-2007"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.13.3587"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00123-21"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.110","first-page":"e01729","article-title":"Sugar phosphate-mediated inhibition of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201603441"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.9b00664"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(67)80040-0","article-title":"Identification of mycobacteria","volume":"48","year":"1967","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00430-17"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.160105"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06792.x"},{"key":"2026032607400448000_2026.03.23.713626v1.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.17.4836-4840.2000"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.03.23.713626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:40:22Z","timestamp":1774536022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.03.23.713626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":117,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.03.23.713626","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}