{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:47:00Z","timestamp":1774950420359,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":59,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The outcome of a\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection depends on the timely regulation of the robust pro-inflammatory response required to eliminate the parasite, but this response can cause tissue damage if not properly controlled. IL-10 is an important regulatory cytokine that prevents immunopathology during many\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  infections; however, this protection comes at the expense of less effective parasite control. This is illustrated by infection with\n                  <jats:italic>P. yoelii<\/jats:italic>\n                  , in which mice exhibit a lower parasite load in the absence of IL-10. However, the immune components that limit parasite burden in the absence of IL-10 remain poorly understood. Abolishing IL-10 led to a predicted increase in T\n                  <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                  1 polarization and higher production of IL-12 and IFN-\u03b3. However, the enhanced production of these cytokines did not explain the improved parasite control seen in\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    Il10\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  mice. Loss of IL-10 signaling reduced the accumulation of germinal center B cells and plasmablasts in the spleen, indicating a role for IL-10 in supporting the humoral response. However, although B cells are essential for survival, they do not play a critical role in early parasite control in IL-10\u2013deficient mice. Moreover,\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    Il10\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  mice lacking IFN-\u03b3 and B cells can limit early parasite expansion, suggesting that IL-10 suppresses host-protective pathways beyond the functions of B cells and IFN-\u03b3 in parasite control.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.23.713659","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:30:12Z","timestamp":1774639812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early enhanced control of\n                  <i>Plasmodium yoelii<\/i>\n                  infection in IL-10\u2013deficient mice is independent of IFN-\u03b3, IL-12, and the humoral response"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Meghan D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AR, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara A.","family":"O\u2019Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AR, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheldon L.","family":"Zeltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AR, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison R.","family":"Gouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AR, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2583-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason S.","family":"Stumhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AR, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026033101500429000_2026.03.23.713659v1.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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