{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:31:48Z","timestamp":1785429108570,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":75,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["T32 AG076455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AG076455"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["T32 ES007026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES007026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P30 ES001247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES001247"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 NS092558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS092558"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and a decline in cognitive function. Hallmarks of AD include an age-dependent accumulation of toxic amyloid beta (A\u03b2) 42 in the brain, energy dyshomeostasis caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, and iron overload. However, the role of iron overload and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD pathology is unknown and their precise relationship with A\u03b2 42 toxicity in AD pathology is unclear.\n                  <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                  provide a powerful model system to untangle and clarify these relationships. In this study, we quantify the temperature-dependence of iron toxicity (16, 20 and 25\u2070C) in neurons and muscle of\n                  <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                  that overexpress A\u03b2 42. We found that A\u03b2 42, regardless of the cell-type expression, caused accelerated paralysis compared to age\u2013matched WT worms with the greatest degree of paralysis observed at an elevated temperature (25\u2070C). Moreover, the combination of iron toxicity and A\u03b2 42 results in an enhanced paralytic phenotype at 16\u2070C. Thus, iron exposure potentiates A\u03b2 toxicity observed at low temperatures. Iron toxicity stimulated both maximum (State 3) and leak (State 4) respiration in WT and A\u03b2 42 worms. A\u03b2 42 worms also exhibited increased leak respiration at baseline that was further exacerbated by iron toxicity. Iron burden and sensitivity increased A\u03b2 42 peptide toxicity. A\u03b2 42 worms exhibited reduced levels of Ca, Zn, Mn, and K. Overall, our results suggest that iron potentiates A\u03b2 toxicity at low temperature and enhances A\u03b2 peptide mediated mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in\n                  <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                  .\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:fig id=\"ufig1\" position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\" fig-type=\"figure\">\n                    <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"714217v1_ufig1\" position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:fig>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"order\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Temperature stress modulates the synergetic interactions of iron toxicity and A\u03b2 42 pathology<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Iron sensitivity drives increased cell-type specific A\u03b2 42 pathology<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Energy dyshomeostasis via impaired mitochondrial function and increased proton leak contributes to iron- and A\u03b2-induced pathology<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.25.714217","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:15:18Z","timestamp":1774642518000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron toxicity potentiates cell-type specific amyloid beta proteotoxicity in\n                  <i>C. elegans<\/i>\n                  via altered energy homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Wilson","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY, 14642 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin B.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY, 14642 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Al-Qazzaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY, 14642 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Straut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY, 14642 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1246-3363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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