{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:48:51Z","timestamp":1782978531837,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":45,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF CAREER Award","award":["2439870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2439870"]}]},{"name":"NSF GRFP fellowship"},{"name":"NSF NRT-FW-HTF","award":["2345860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2345860"]}]},{"name":"NIH MIRA grant","award":["R35GM150689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM150689"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Korea grant","award":["RS-2024-00407155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00407155"]}]},{"name":"Packard Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ingestible electronics enable the tracking and treatment of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. However, bulky batteries and circuit boards require large capsules that can result in bowel obstruction, a medical emergency. Here, we engineered a 9 \u00d7 26 mm electronic pill capable of triggered severing into tiny pieces with sizes clinically proven to reduce obstruction risk. Our capsule enables multicomponent circuit boards to connect with separately encapsulated powering elements via conductive, interlocking connections. Heat induced softening of polyethylene glycol\/polycaprolactone channels activates a spring to separate encapsulated components into inert 9 \u00d7 15 mm segments, facilitating intestinal passage. Separation triggers included closed-loop sensors and time-delay circuits. In vivo swine studies demonstrate the ability of our capsules to sense luminal oxygen changes via an optoelectronic sensor, locally trigger upadacitinib delivery, and facilitate safe excretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.27.714561","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T20:10:19Z","timestamp":1774901419000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self-severing circuits facilitate passage of ingestible electronic sensor-guided therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Sean","family":"Healy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angsagan","family":"Abdigazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"},{"name":"The Institute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenna","family":"Clinch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason Y","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Shafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"},{"name":"The Institute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Z","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramy","family":"Ghanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Manigault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sritej","family":"Ponna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01122-2"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Ingestible electronics for diagnostics and therapy","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Materials"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10221-3"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013140"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12M08222"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.6","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/reviews\/DEN210052.pdf. (Vibrant FDA)."},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510004988"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800490"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-016-0022"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.ade9676"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-010-0224-8"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2022.04.011"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-025-01561-5"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.14","first-page":"362","article-title":"Mariana. Intestinal Obstruction: Evaluation and Management","volume":"98","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.09.001"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225140-00004"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00761.x"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.02.037"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh1614"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212728"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.011188"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.22","unstructured":"Kalantar-Zadeh, K. , Berean, K. J. , Burgell, R. E. , Muir, J. G. & Gibson, P. R . in Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Nature Publishing Group, 2019)."},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-017-0004-x"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.09.004"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00191.2015"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00581-5"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418423111"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2024.101990"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002292107"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14204365"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.476637"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1015936426906"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182107ba1"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2025.112309"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toth, J. M. in PEEK Biomaterials Handbook ( Second Edition) (ed Steven M. Kurtz ) 107\u2013119 (William Andrew Publishing, 2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812524-3.00008-9"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.36","unstructured":"Administration, U. F. a. D. Assessing the Effects of Food and Drugs in INDs and NDAs - Clinical Pharmacology Considerations. (2022)."},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.37","unstructured":"Aubrey, A. The Average American Ate (Literally) A Ton This Year, <https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2011\/12\/31\/144478009\/the-average-american-ate-literally-a-ton-thisyear#:\u223c:text=The%20figure%20is%20a%20little,the%20U.S.%20Department%20of%20Agriculture> (2011)."},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.38","unstructured":"FDA. Vol. FDA-2013-N-1434 (2022)."},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0135070"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.40","unstructured":"Hari, B. B. , Serafim; Fryer, Peter. in COMSOL Conference."},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.82.113409"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.462"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2021.123076"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.898326"},{"key":"2026040109150826000_2026.03.27.714561v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.02.018"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.03.27.714561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T16:15:26Z","timestamp":1775060126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.03.27.714561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.03.27.714561","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}