{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:56:00Z","timestamp":1784948160335,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":104,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NINDS R01NS120182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NINDS R01NS120182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P51OD011132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51OD011132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UNC IDDRC","award":["P50 HD103573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HD103573"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R03HD111798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03HD111798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Woodruff Scholar Early Independence Award from the Woodruff Health Sciences at Emory University"},{"name":"Marcus Autism Center in the Department of Pediatrics at Emory School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) syndrome is well-characterized, the neurodevelopmental consequences of postnatal infection are less understood. Here we used a rhesus macaque model to investigate the developmental consequences of ZIKV infection during infancy on the brain and behavior, building on our prior research. Male and female infant rhesus macaques infected with ZIKV at 1 month of age were compared to sex-, age-, and rearing-matched uninfected controls and infants treated with the TLR3 agonist PolyIC as a control for activation of the innate immune system. Longitudinal behavioral assessments revealed alterations in emotional regulation following ZIKV exposure, including poor state control scores obtained from the Infant Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale early after ZIKV infection and longer-term displays of increased hostility during an acute stressor. While attachment bonds to caregivers were preserved, ZIKV-infected infants showed sex-specific alterations in behavioral regulation during caregiver separation compared to controls. At 3 months of age, MRI scans revealed larger total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and reduced volumes in visual processing regions in ZIKV-infected infants compared to controls. Postnatal ZIKV exposure also resulted in sex-specific brain structural alterations with males exhibiting amygdala hypertrophy, whereas ZIKV-infected females had volumetric reductions in temporal-limbic and temporal-auditory cortices.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that postnatal ZIKV infection disrupts the development of sensory, social and emotion-regulatory systems and CSF function, highlighting the critical need for long-term monitoring of exposed children.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>One-Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postnatal Zika virus infection disrupts emotional regulation and alters brain development in infant rhesus macaques, revealing a critical window of neurodevelopmental vulnerability that extends beyond the fetal period.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.27.714817","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:10:25Z","timestamp":1774660225000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increased CSF volume, altered brain development and emotional reactivity after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant rhesus macaques"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3210-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisarg","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"van 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