{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:07:30Z","timestamp":1790809650248,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"group-title":"Biochemistry","reference-count":110,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NNF18OC0030656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18OC0030656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Independent Research Fund Denmark","award":["10.46540\/4262-00065B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.46540\/4262-00065B"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R00HG011475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HG011475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000854","name":"International Human Frontier Science Program Organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGEC32\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGEC32\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003390","name":"Fritz Thyssen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10.25.1.026MN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.25.1.026MN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Strengthening the Equal Opportunity Process (STEP) Program of the University of Bonn"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence ImmunoSensation3","award":["390873048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390873048"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Gene regulation through translation is critical for spatiotemporal protein expression. Internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESes) mediate mRNA-specific translation by recruiting ribosomes to 5\u2032 untranslated regions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), naturally occurring and stable RNAs, are increasingly used as synthetic tools for sustained therapeutic protein translation by IRES-driven initiation. However, the functionality of different IRESes in synthetic circRNAs remains sparsely characterized. We systematically examine circRNA reporter translation by viral and cellular IRESes in human cells and in diverse\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  translation systems. Improved circRNA purification by urea-PAGE and RNase R-treatment removes contaminants that induce RNA sensing. Viral CVB3 and HCV, as well as cellular\n                  <jats:italic>Hoxa9, Chrdl1, Cofilin<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>c-Myc<\/jats:italic>\n                  IRESes, effectively drive circRNA translation. We also establish circRNA translation in a recently developed human cell-free extract that recapitulates IRES-dependent regulation, and allows for precise engineering of HCV IRES-mediated translation. These findings inform IRES selection for synthetic circRNA translation relevant for circRNA-based medicine.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:fig id=\"ufig1\" position=\"float\" fig-type=\"figure\" orientation=\"portrait\">\n                    <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"715045v2_ufig1\" position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:fig>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.28.715045","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T04:30:13Z","timestamp":1774845013000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synthetic circRNAs employ IRES activity for translation in cells and in cell-free translation systems"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5508-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Center II (BMZ II), Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6488-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic S. W.","family":"Arendrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3088-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaehee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1294-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samyukta","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Center II (BMZ II), Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1103-7776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Noraddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMMAGINA Biotechnology S.r.l., Viale dell\u2019Industria 47, 38057 Pergine Valsugana (TN) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8185-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Clamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMMAGINA Biotechnology S.r.l., Viale dell\u2019Industria 47, 38057 Pergine Valsugana (TN) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders H.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3937-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Kan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8012-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Leppek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Center II (BMZ II), Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01007-w","article-title":"mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4278"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01491-z"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0075-7"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00827-x"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.8","first-page":"100562","article-title":"Clinical advances of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"6","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med (N. Y"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908052116"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28776-w"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01393-0"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLCEL.2021.07.042"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.108015","article-title":"mRNA vaccine sequence and structure design and optimization: Advances and challenges","volume":"301","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49508-2"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.12.060"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0164-5"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.06.034"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.32"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELL.2022.04.021"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2021.02.020"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128074"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115485"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.03.044"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63343-z","article-title":"Circular RNA-based protein replacement therapy mitigates osteoarthritis in male mice","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.02.015"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.03.003","article-title":"Circular RNA translation: novel protein isoforms and clinical significance","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01487-2"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.02.021"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.022"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05096-6"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-024-02393-y","article-title":"Chemical and topological design of multicapped mRNA and capped circular RNA to augment translation","volume":"43","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2838"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.31"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0465-x"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-052621-091808"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, A. G. , Grosely, R. , Petrov, A. N. & Puglisi, J. D. Dynamics of IRES-mediated translation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 372, (2017).","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0177"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.08.002"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic discovery of cap-independent translation sequences in human and viral genomes","volume":"351","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00830-1"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.103"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02629"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00624-9"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.2.14472"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.10.023"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108629"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.29.560040"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012336"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1618"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.09.028"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0504-7"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80239-7"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14010"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.9.1643"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.3.1714"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31327-y"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7536344"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2890"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030733"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003777"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx297"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.03.058"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.08.020"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0243-y"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.02.017"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1685-4"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx166"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-017-0019-9"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.016"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.046"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tai, J. & Chen, Y. G. Differences in the immunogenicity of engineered circular RNAs. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 15, (2023).","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjad002"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.11.019"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132505"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080091"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.003"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.251926.114"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3117"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135583829898061X"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv045"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2021.03.011"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-025-00404-5"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-025-01155-7","article-title":"A tripartite cell-free translation system to study mammalian translation","volume":"20","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.8.2330"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.09.016"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm682"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59379-6_7"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.03.028"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122170119"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201763"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.51.32061"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J.-H. et al. IRES-mediated translation of cofilin regulates axonal growth cone extension and turning. EMBO J. 37, (2018).","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695266"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2009.07.004"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1129"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp8179"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2023.09.015","article-title":"Highly efficient cellular expression of circular mRNA enables prolonged protein expression","volume":"31","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.04.044"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa704"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0090-6"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1386"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07106"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8646"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201592469"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaafar, Z. A. , Oguro, A. , Nakamura, Y. & Kieft, J. S. Translation initiation by the hepatitis C virus IRES requires eIF1A and ribosomal complex remodeling. Elife 5, (2016).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21198"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838201001790"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.19.4371"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00487.x"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.012"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-026-01233-9"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf089"},{"key":"2026052601001890000_2026.03.28.715045v2.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osuna, B. A. , Howard, C. J. , Kc, S. , Frost, A. & Weinberg, D. E. In vitro analysis of RQC activities provides insights into the mechanism and function of CAT tailing. Elife 6, (2017).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.27949"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.03.28.715045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T08:00:40Z","timestamp":1779782440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.03.28.715045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"references-count":110,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.03.28.715045","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}