{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:29:01Z","timestamp":1786476541702,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"group-title":"Synthetic Biology","reference-count":54,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["MR\/N014294\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N014294\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03x94j517","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/P020615\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P020615\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/M017982\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M017982\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["PID2023-151174NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-151174NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003x0zc53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["HR22-00405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR22-00405"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r3yzw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00n3pea85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FundaciM-CM-3 La MaratM-CM-3 de TV3","award":["202530-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202530-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Novel strategies for treating bacterial infections are needed to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Here we engineered P4-like particles for bacterial-culture proof-of-concept experiments in two antimicrobial modes: a single-action design intended to deliver model payloads into bacteria without programmed lysis, and a dual-action design intended to lyse target bacteria while releasing a secondary antigenic payload, exemplified here by model antigens. Using a P2 helper-free P4-like particle production platform, we designed, produced and tested P4-mediated single-and dual-action antimicrobial prototypes. After completing bacterial-culture proof-of-concept experiments, we optimized early-stage bioprocessing for future studies, leading to 10\n                  <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                  plaque forming units (PFU) per mL and 0.25 endotoxin units (EU) per 10\n                  <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                  PFU. We also challenged the P4 viral-vector packaging limit by deleting\n                  <jats:italic>sid<\/jats:italic>\n                  to favour packaging into P2-sized capsids (\u223c25.8 kb estimated cargo capacity). Importantly, repressing payload expression during particle production improved viral titers by about 2 logs, reduced detected cargo-sequence alterations from 12\/20 to 0\/20 sequenced post-transduction isolates and enabled higher-dose transduction with stronger detectable antigen signal. Altogether, this study supports P4-derived phage-like particles as antimicrobial prototypes that extend phage function beyond bacterial elimination and provides a basis for future validation in pathogen and animal models of infection.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.30.715334","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:55:15Z","timestamp":1775015715000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering P4 satellite phage particles with single and dual antimicrobial actions"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Ababi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Tridgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Castado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK, 1330 Rixensart, BE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Normand","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK, 1330 Rixensart, BE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK, 1330 Rixensart, BE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK"},{"name":"De novo Synthetic Biology Lab, I2SysBio, CSIC-University of Valencia, Paterna, ES"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026081111550993000_2026.03.30.715334v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15041020"},{"key":"2026081111550993000_2026.03.30.715334v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01705-x","article-title":"Personalized bacteriophage therapy outcomes for 100 consecutive cases: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective observational study","volume":"9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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