{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1785432485421,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":33,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R35GM138281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM138281"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01HD110118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD110118"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01HL169989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL169989"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["T32 HL134626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL134626"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Schwartz Fund - Cornell University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xhk2825","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the lung disease associated with premature birth, is a significant health problem, often with long-term respiratory consequences. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of the lung and gut microbiome in the development and progression of BPD, yet it is unclear what aspects of the microbiome may contribute to BPD susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To comprehensively characterize the lung and gut microbiomes of preterm infants and identify shared microbial taxa that are associated with BPD development.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tracheal aspirate and stool samples were collected from 39 premature infants over the first month of life. To assess the taxonomic microbial composition of the lung and gut, samples were analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. BPD classification was determined using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development severity-based definition at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microbial communities of the lung and gut were significantly different between infants who went on to develop BPD and those who did not, with an enrichment of skin-associated microbial genera such as\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    in infants who developed BPD. Specifically,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was enriched in premature infants who developed BPD and was the most prominent species shared between lung and gut communities. Temporal changes in gut microbial communities co-occurred with feeding practices and antibiotic exposure, suggesting an influence of external factors on microbiome composition.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings provide evidence that certain microbial colonization patterns among premature infants are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.03.715941","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T03:30:18Z","timestamp":1775359818000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased\n                  <i>S. epidermidis<\/i>\n                  in the airway-gut microbiome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenna","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5402-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Eno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5411-5639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Rager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"},{"name":"Drukier Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny C.","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"},{"name":"Drukier Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melody Y.","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"},{"name":"Drukier Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6308-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Keerthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"},{"name":"Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3716-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Worgall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"},{"name":"Drukier Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 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