{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:33:27Z","timestamp":1777534407736,"version":"3.51.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":50,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"name":"University College London-University of Toronto Strategic Partner Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AG070592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG070592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ydessa Hendeles Graduate Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebral vasculature is a key biomarker of brain health, and time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides noninvasive assessment of vascular anatomy. However, conventional TOF-MRA requires long scan times, increasing patient burden and susceptibility to motion artifacts. Compressed sensing (CS) offers a feasible acceleration strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To quantitatively evaluate CS acceleration in TOF-MRA at 3T and 7T using automated whole-FOV vascular segmentation and semi-automatic segmentation of representative vessels.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study type<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>23 healthy human participants (3T) and 8 healthy human participants (7T).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CS TOF-MRA (CS factors 4 and 8 at 3T; 8 at 7T) was compared against non-accelerated (CS0) TOF-MRA.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Visual comparison and vascular segmentation were performed using automated whole-FOV methods and semi-automatic segmentation of the posterior cerebral artery and anterior choroidal artery.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), voxel count, and vessel diameter were assessed using two-tailed paired t-tests.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Whole-FOV CNR differed significantly across CS factors at 3T (CS0 &gt; CS4: p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.77; CS0 &lt; CS8: p = 0.008, d = 0.36; CS4 &lt; CS8: p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.11) and 7T (CS0 &lt; CS8: p = 0.002, d = 0.54), with semi-automatic segmentation yielding consistent findings (p &lt; 0.01 for all comparisons). The diameter measurements for segmented vessels are also higher with high CS-factors (PCA 7T: left:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.006,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.93, right:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.045,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.43; AChA 7T: left:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.66, right:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.06; PCA 3T:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001 for all comparison\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>Left<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.52 (CS0 vs. CS4), 0.56 (CS4 vs. CS8), 1.11 (CS0 vs. CS8) and\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>Right<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.78 (CS0 vs. CS4), 0.57 (CS4 vs. CS8), 1.17 (CS0 vs. CS8)).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CS shows promise for enhancing clinical applicability of TOF-MRA, with advantages most pronounced at 7T.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.22.720171","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:05:10Z","timestamp":1777089910000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization and Validation of Compressed Sensing for Time-of-Flight MRI Angiography of the Human Brain at 3T and 7T"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Gustaf","family":"R\u00e5dman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC I12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8641-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaole Z.","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mrinmayi","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Perosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JPK Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob J. 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