{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:10:32Z","timestamp":1785409832165,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":63,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["RF1NS132910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS132910"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001391","name":"Whitehall Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021-05-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-05-112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100025337","name":"France-Merrick Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100025337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The process of forming a decision gives rise to an estimate of its quality or likelihood of success. This graded sense of confidence is important for guiding subsequent decisions, but a neural mechanism linking subjective confidence to formation of the next decision has not been identified. We trained rhesus monkeys to report a perceptual choice and simultaneous confidence judgment in a reaction-time (RT) motion discrimination task. Monkeys were more likely to repeat a rewarded choice when they reported low confidence on the previous trial, and showed greater changes in RT after a surprising outcome (low-confidence correct or high-confidence error). Neural activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) encoded the previous trial\u2019s choice and confidence more strongly after a low-confidence correct trial, and the strength of history encoding was correlated with a trial-by-trial estimate of choice bias. Ramping dynamics of the decoded decision variable also depended systematically on the conjunction of confidence and reward on the previous trial, in a manner that reflected individual differences between animals. The findings suggest that LIP not only reflects the formation of the current decision but could participate in confidence-guided learning via adjustments of the subsequent decision process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.27.721150","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:40:13Z","timestamp":1777588813000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macaque Area LIP Reflects Confidence-Dependent Changes in Decision Policy"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Mengyu Serene","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind-Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2798-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Vivar-Lazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind-Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7921-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Fetsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind-Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Solomon H. Snyder Dept. of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 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