{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:20:19Z","timestamp":1777944019177,"version":"3.51.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":82,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Virus-derived circular RNA molecules (VcircRNAs) are expressed by many RNA viruses during infection. Putative functions include modulating viral replication and interacting with the host immune response. Some function as non-coding RNA fragments that regulate gene expression through binding to complementary RNA sequences, whereas others contain internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequences or non-canonical modifications that allow them to be translated. Here, we confirm the expression of a distinct SARS-CoV-2 VcircRNA molecule, circ7b8N, that has not been previously identified. We found that circ7b8N is expressed and detectable in cell culture infections and in acute infections across SARS-CoV-2 variants and shows promise for detection in post-acute clinical samples. Conservation of circ7b8N junctions is limited to the nearest phylogenetic relatives within the betacoronavirus genus but are present in other human and bat-infecting coronaviruses. Host cell gene expression is modulated by the treatment with circ7b8N agnostic of viral infection. The discovery and subsequent confirmation of circ7b8N expressed by SARS-CoV-2 provides a new biomarker for infection, and its conservation across variants suggests functional importance.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Author Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Circular RNAs are a well-documented class of molecules expressed by mammalian cells. However, circular RNA molecules expressed by RNA viruses remain largely uncharacterized regarding their generation, specific functions, and roles in host-pathogen interactions. Our computational predictions discovered thousands of distinct circular RNA molecules expressed by SARS-CoV-2. Among these, we confirmed the presence of circ7b8N, the most abundant SARS-CoV-2-derived circular RNA identified in our sequencing data. We found that circ7b8N localizes outside the nucleus and is detectable in clinical samples collected both during and after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although overexpression of circ7b8N was not found to alter viral titers, it modulated the expression of host genes related to immune response activation and membrane remodeling. This suggests that circ7b8N may simultaneously provide pro- and anti-viral functions independent of influencing viral replication. Phylogenetic analyses of coronaviruses suggest that the expression of circ7b8N is a relatively recent evolutionary event, and it is conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants from the first five years of the pandemic. The abundant presence of circ7b8N across variants in both sequencing data and clinical samples implies it plays a multifaceted role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.28.721328","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:40:37Z","timestamp":1777437637000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct virus-derived circular RNA molecule influences host response during SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Elysse N.","family":"Grossi-Soyster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekah C.","family":"Gullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Rustagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Blish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Salzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Sarnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brant AC , Tian W , Majerciak V , Yang W , Zheng Z-M . SARS-CoV-2: from its discovery to genome structure, transcription, and replication. Cell Biosci. 2021;11: 136.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00643-z"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07817-y"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138525","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01385-25","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein expression and the induction of double-membrane vesicles","volume":"99","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.32"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15639","article-title":"Viruses join the circular RNA world","volume":"288","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2313002121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2313002121","article-title":"Virus-derived circular RNAs populate hepatitis C virus-infected cells","volume":"121","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.22531"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu A , Jaijyan DK , Yang S , Zeng M , Pei S , Zhu H . Functions of circular RNA in human diseases and illnesses. Noncoding RNA. 2023;9: 38.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna9040038"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene J , Baird A-M , Brady L , Lim M , Gray SG , McDermott R , et al. Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, function and role in human diseases. Front Mol Biosci. 2017;4: 38.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2017.00038"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.31"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verduci L , Tarcitano E , Strano S , Yarden Y , Blandino G . CircRNAs: role in human diseases and potential use as biomarkers. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12: 468.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03743-3"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141214"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa334","article-title":"Identification and characterization of circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"22","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27734"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehghannasiri R , Olivieri JE , Damljanovic A , Salzman J . Specific splice junction detection in single cells with SICILIAN. Genome Biol. 2021;22: 219.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02434-8"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx014"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao Y , Wang J , Zhao F . CIRI: an efficient and unbiased algorithm for de novo circular RNA identification. Genome Biol. 2015;16: 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0571-3"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.062"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1582955","article-title":"La proteins couple use of sequence-specific and non-specific binding modes to engage RNA substrates","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22177-1"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5445"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.04.001","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infection","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13122304"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tasneem A , Sultan A , Singh P , Bairagya HR , Almasoudi HH , Alhazmi AYM , et al. Identification of potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 through a structural-based similarity approach between SARS-CoV-2 and its human host proteins. Front Genet. 2024;15: 1292280.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1292280"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravasio A , Morselli E , Bertocchi C . Mechanoautophagy: Synergies Between Autophagy and Cell Mechanotransduction at Adhesive Complexes. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10: 917662.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.917662"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64330"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/genes4020101","article-title":"The Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKAPKs) in Inflammation","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes (Basel"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cesta MC , Zippoli M , Marsiglia C , Gavioli EM , Mantelli F , Allegretti M , et al. The Role of Interleukin-8 in Lung Inflammation and Injury: Implications for the Management of COVID-19 and Hyperinflammatory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12: 808797.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.808797"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.05.001","article-title":"Structural basis for OAS2 regulation and its antiviral function","volume":"85","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48991-x"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.12.006"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roingeard P , Eymieux S , Burlaud-Gaillard J , Hourioux C , Patient R , Blanchard E . The double-membrane vesicle (DMV): a virus-induced organelle dedicated to the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79: 425.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04469-x"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70113"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.04.022"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01393-0"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2023.2170","article-title":"Circular RNAs in and out of Cells: Therapeutic Usages of Circular RNAs","volume":"46","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57094-0","article-title":"The CXCL8\/MAPK\/hnRNP-K axis enables susceptibility to infection by EV-D68, rhinovirus, and influenza virus in vitro","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01019-8"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548931","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2548931","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of blood and lung from mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 revealing distinct virulence characteristics between prototype and Omicron BA.1 strain","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.02.005","article-title":"Cystatin SN in type 2 inflammatory airway diseases","volume":"151","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li G , Wang Z , Chen D , Yin J , Mo Z , Sun B , et al. Comprehensive analysis of a TPX2-related TRHDE-AS1\/PKIA ceRNA network involving prognostic signatures in Hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12: 1025900.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1025900"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac475","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Hepatic Fibrosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Demonstrates Up-regulation of Immune Response and Tissue Repair Pathways","volume":"227","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28603-2"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.076141.120"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071701"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao X , Fang D , Liang Y , Deng X , Chen N , Zeng M , et al. Circular RNAs as emerging regulators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 980231.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.980231"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013295"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl4895"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen D , Zhao YG , Zhang H . Endomembrane remodeling in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Insight. 2022;1: 100031.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellin.2022.100031"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohan J , Wollert T . Membrane remodeling by SARS-CoV-2 - double-enveloped viral replication. Fac Rev. 2021;10: 17.","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/10-17"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122786","article-title":"Near-native visualization of SARS-CoV-2 induced membrane remodeling and virion morphogenesis","volume":"14","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32019-3"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041575"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59475-x","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a drives dynamic dense body formation for optimal viral infectivity","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.10.006"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J , Ejikemeuwa A , Gerzanich V , Nasr M , Tang Q , Simard JM , et al. Understanding the role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19. Front Microbiol. 2022;13: 854567.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.854567"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.60","unstructured":"Newman SH. Investigating the Role of Bats in Emerging Zoonoses: Balancing Ecology, Conservation and Public Health Interest. Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO); 2011."},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L-F , Cowled C . Bats and Viruses: A New Frontier of Emerging Infectious Diseases. John Wiley & Sons; 2015.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118818824"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145324","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01453-24","article-title":"Studying bats using a One Health lens: bridging the gap between bat virology and disease ecology","volume":"98","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-015-1053-0"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2113628119)"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/438575a"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020090"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pati\u00f1o-Galindo J\u00c1 , Filip I , Chowdhury R , Maranas CD , Sorger PK , AlQuraishi M , et al. Recombination and lineage-specific mutations linked to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Genome Med. 2021;13: 124.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00943-6"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evac018"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.270421.115"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061335"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li B , Dewey CN . RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011;12: 323.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18129\/B9.BIOC.DESEQ2"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.73","unstructured":"Wickham H . Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. 2nd ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016."},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.74","first-page":"289","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAD347"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7563.1","article-title":"Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04482-x"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.115115","article-title":"Pressure to evade cell-autonomous innate sensing reveals interplay between mitophagy, IFN signaling, and SARS-CoV-2 evolution","volume":"44","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.80","first-page":"e0119423","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 protein does not antagonize interferon signaling in respiratory epithelial Calu-3 cells during infection","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011669"},{"key":"2026050200450618000_2026.04.28.721328v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dittmar M , Lee JS , Whig K , Segrist E , Li M , Kamalia B , et al. Drug repurposing screens reveal cell-type-specific entry pathways and FDA-approved drugs active against SARS-Cov-2. Cell Rep. 2021;35: 108959.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108959"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.04.28.721328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:45:21Z","timestamp":1777707921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.04.28.721328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":82,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.04.28.721328","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}