{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:58:47Z","timestamp":1777953527292,"version":"3.51.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"group-title":"Cell Biology","reference-count":177,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Engulfment by macrophages is critical for waste clearance in the vertebrate brain. Understanding clearance mechanisms may open new therapeutic possibilities to counter brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, few\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  models exist to study engulfment in the brain and characterize this process during aging and across species. Here we present a genetic model for secretion of a fluorescent protein by neurons in the brain of the African turquoise killifish, the shortest-lived vertebrate that can be bred in captivity. We use this model to identify a population of brain macrophages in the killifish responsible for engulfment of material from the brain extracellular space. Intriguingly, many of these cells bear similarities to mammalian border-associated and monocyte-derived macrophages, rare subsets of macrophages in mouse and human brains noted for their engulfment capabilities. We also find that in our model, killifish brain macrophages decline in engulfment capacity with age. This work highlights how vertebrate brain macrophages, particularly those at brain border regions, can play a critical role in clearance and provides an opportunity to test interventions that can boost engulfment by these macrophages to promote brain resilience in old age and disease.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.28.721434","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:16:21Z","timestamp":1777511781000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engulfment by brain macrophages in a short-lived vertebrate"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Nagvekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Genetics Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela N.","family":"Pogson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prateek R.","family":"Kalakuntla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena J.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azalia M. Mart\u00ednez","family":"Jaimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.V.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma K.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 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