{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:25:06Z","timestamp":1785403506898,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"group-title":"Biochemistry","reference-count":61,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R21AI151644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI151644"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  A proteomic analysis of\n                  <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                  nymph saliva identified 252 proteins, including six tubular lipid-binding proteins (TULIPs). Comparing nymphs fed on mice that were uninfected or infected with\n                  <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  , twelve salivary proteins showed significant differences in the amounts detected, including XP_040079658.2, which we refer to as TULIP2. Considering the known immunity-related functions of some TULIPs, we expressed and purified TULIP2 from\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  and analyzed its interaction with\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  lipids. The purification of TULIP2 from\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  presented many obstacles, due to insolubility, which is consistent with previous reports from studies of other TULIP family members. The binding results showed specificity for\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  lipids, with evidence for cholesteryl \u03b2-galactoside as a major binding target. Molecular modeling of TULIP2 did not show any strong lipid binding sites. We used molecular dynamics simulation of TULIP2 to explore its conformational landscape by thermal unfolding. The earliest unfolding intermediate opened a hydrophobic pocket to which cholesteryl \u03b2-galactoside was predicted to bind strongly. We propose that a specific lipid bilayer interaction with TULIP2 triggers the opening of the ligand-binding site.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.04.722819","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:30:19Z","timestamp":1778218219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A lipid-binding protein in black-legged tick saliva selectively recognizes\n                  <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                  lipids"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Weirui Olivia","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"MacMackin-Ingle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia Wong","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendell P.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liao Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Seshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Renthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026051114501293000_2026.05.04.722819v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.12.006"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051114501293000_2026.05.04.722819v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101265","article-title":"Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia odocoilei, Babesia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, and Hepatozoon canis in Ixodes scapularis Ticks Collected in Eastern Canada","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2026051114501293000_2026.05.04.722819v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazim\u00edrov\u00e1 M , \u0160tibr\u00e1niov\u00e1 I . 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