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While NETs are not abundant in healthy airways, uncontrolled NETosis is a known pathological feature and contributor to both chronic and acute respiratory diseases. Prior studies have shown that mucin glycoproteins secreted in the oral cavity and cervicovaginal tract can modulate NETosis, but it remains unknown whether mucins secreted in the respiratory tract influence NET formation. In these studies, we discovered that human airway mucus strongly inhibits NETosis in primary human neutrophils in a sialic acid dependent manner. In comparison, mucus produced by human airway epithelial cells genetically engineered to lack either MUC5B or MUC5AC secreted airway mucins showed a reduced ability to suppress NETosis. To assess how the lung microenvironment in obstructive lung diseases may influence mucus-dependent NET formation, we engineered a synthetic, mucin-laden hydrogel model with physical properties resembling that of mucus in a healthy lung and a disease-affected lung. When neutrophils were cultured on these gel substrates, we found that increasing gel stiffness led to a significantly greater extent of NETosis. Together these data demonstrate a new functional role of airway mucus in modulating neutrophil homeostasis in the respiratory tract and provide evidence that mucus dysfunction in disease can impair its ability to regulate NETosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.14.719291","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:40:16Z","timestamp":1779122416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Airway mucins function as endogenous inhibitors of neutrophil extracellular traps"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Allison","family":"Boboltz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaidehi","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg A.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.0c02410"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9903097"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32565-y","article-title":"SputOMICs identifies common and distinct markers in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70128-1"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00397-4"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pccm.2023.10.004","article-title":"A crucial role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pulmonary infectious diseases","volume":"2","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01933-x","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease","volume":"9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026052105451284000_2026.05.14.719291v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, S. 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