{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:49:53Z","timestamp":1785408593973,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":39,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["1R01AI180777-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI180777-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01DK122147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK122147"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["5T32AI112541-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AI112541-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["5TL1TR002244-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5TL1TR002244-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019\/10839-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/10839-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Resident dermal macrophages (DMs) play essential roles in maintaining skin homeostasis and initiating inflammatory responses during tissue injury and against infectious agents. However, studies of their cellular mechanisms have been limited by their low abundance in steady-state skin and by technical challenges in isolating resident DMs. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a novel DM cell line, termed SB89. F4\/80\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  skin-resident DMs were sorted and immortalized using J2 retroviral transduction. SB89 cells display a stable, homogeneous macrophage phenotype and distinct surface markers compared with Langerhans cells and alveolar macrophages. Functionally, SB89 cells efficiently phagocytose methicillin-resistant\n                  <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                  (MRSA),\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  , zymosan particles, and apoptotic cells, and effectively kill MRSA. Importantly, SB89 cells respond to LPS, as evidenced by production of IL-6, TNF, and IL-10, and by MRSA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and eicosanoids. RNA-seq and gene ontology analyses revealed that SB89 cells elicit stronger responses in innate immunity, cell signaling, and epigenetic regulation than immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages. SB89 cells are genetically tractable, amenable to gene silencing via RNAi and gene introduction via plasmid transfection. Overall, SB89 cells provide a renewable, dermis-imprinted macrophage model that preserves key functional and transcriptional features of resident DMs while reducing reliance on primary cells and animal models. This cell line represents a powerful platform for mechanistic, genetic, and translational studies in skin immunobiology.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.15.725415","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T03:50:15Z","timestamp":1779162615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment of a murine resident dermal macrophage cell line"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson","family":"S\u00e1-Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C.G.","family":"Salina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dante","family":"Reyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amondrea","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Klopfenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5363-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026052105051085000_2026.05.15.725415v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0084-5"},{"key":"2026052105051085000_2026.05.15.725415v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3815"},{"key":"2026052105051085000_2026.05.15.725415v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.004"},{"key":"2026052105051085000_2026.05.15.725415v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, J. et al. Macrophage efferocytosis promotes inflammation resolution and accelerates wound healing. 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