{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T17:10:00Z","timestamp":1779469800383,"version":"3.53.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":44,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031910","name":"Changping Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031910","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health grants","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"he Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center"},{"name":"the Kiwanis Foundation"},{"name":"the Washington University Hope Center for Neurological Disorders"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lesion network mapping (LNM) and its derivatives successfully integrate anatomically distributed brain loci into common symptom-associated functional networks, however, their statistical validity and specificity have recently become topics of debate. Here, we introduce a null model-based robust LNM (rLNM) framework to perform sensitivity and symptom-specificity testing. Across multiple lesion-based (10 conditions, 333 lesions) and task-based (4 conditions, 706 experiments) datasets, rLNM reveals biologically meaningful and symptom-specific networks while effectively controlling for false positives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.18.725812","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:25:29Z","timestamp":1779186329000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust lesion network mapping reveals genuine symptom-specific networks"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Weigang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA"},{"name":"Allied Labs for Imaging Guided Neurotherapies (ALIGN), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico U.F.","family":"Dosenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA"},{"name":"Allied Labs for Imaging Guided Neurotherapies (ALIGN), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7233-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706158"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-022-01371-1","article-title":"Activation network mapping for integration of heterogeneous fMRI findings","volume":"6","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature human behaviour"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Heterogeneous patterns of brain atrophy in schizophrenia localize to a common brain network","volume":"3","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01161-1","article-title":"Brain stimulation and brain lesions converge on common causal circuits in neuropsychiatric disease","volume":"5","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature human behaviour"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.5","unstructured":"van den Heuvel, M. P. et al. Investigating the methodological foundation of lesion network mapping. Nature Neuroscience, 1\u201311 (2026)."},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqi, S. et al. The methodological foundations of lesion network mapping remain sound. bioRxiv, 2026.2002.2024.707529 (2026).","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.24.707529"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Y. et al. The diversity of lesion network mapping findings. bioRxiv, 2026.2002.2012.705312 (2026).","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.12.705312"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, M. , Patil, K. R. , Eickhoff, S. B. & Biessels, G. J. Permutation-based inference preserves anatomical specificity in lesion network mapping. medRxiv, 2026.2002.2016.26346377 (2026).","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.16.26346377"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zalesky, A. & Cash, R. F. Null models for lesion network mapping. Nature Neuroscience, 1\u20134 (2026).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-026-02259-3"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edelman, S. , Elias, U. & Arzy, S. Dimensionality reduction establishes specificity in lesion network mapping. medRxiv, 2026.2001.2029.26345138 (2026).","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.29.26345138"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/BRAIN\/AWAE094"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26709","article-title":"Network localization of awareness in visual and motor anosognosia","volume":"94","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of neurology"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.12.004"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460010105"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1989.1.2.153"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1188"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa058"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00583-8"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.20","unstructured":"Turner, J. et al. in Neurology. 6856 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Hagerstown, MD)."},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11353-z","article-title":"A human memory circuit derived from brain lesions causing amnesia","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae059"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz405"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.04.023"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101224","article-title":"Brain developmental trajectories associated with childhood stuttering persistence and recovery","volume":"60","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental cognitive neuroscience"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2017.04.002"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2502021122"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.013","article-title":"Causal evidence for the processing of bodily self in the anterior precuneus","volume":"111","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1635","article-title":"Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature methods"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.10.005"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206","article-title":"Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness","volume":"72","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA psychiatry"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.033"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209803","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209803","article-title":"Localization and network connectivity of lesions causing limb ataxia in patients with stroke","volume":"103","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814117115"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01834-y"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brain Genomics Superstruct Project initial data release with structural, functional, and behavioral measures","volume":"2","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific data"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, J. et al. DeepPrep: an accelerated, scalable and robust pipeline for neuroimaging preprocessing empowered by deep learning. Nature Methods, 1\u20134 (2025).","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.06.581108"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40708-022-00155-7","article-title":"Fast cortical surface reconstruction from MRI using deep learning","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain informatics"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103122","article-title":"SUGAR: Spherical ultrafast graph attention framework for cortical surface registration","volume":"94","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medical Image Analysis"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26691","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26691","article-title":"Verbal memory network mapping in individual patients predicts postoperative functional impairments","volume":"45","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00543-8","article-title":"Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor treatment impacts the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network","volume":"9","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"2026052209451182000_2026.05.18.725812v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0254-8","article-title":"7 Tesla MRI of the ex vivo human brain at 100 micron resolution","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific data"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.05.18.725812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T16:45:24Z","timestamp":1779468324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.05.18.725812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.05.18.725812","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}