{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:58:03Z","timestamp":1785427083333,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"group-title":"Cell Biology","reference-count":78,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R35GM138316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM138316"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The Golgi is an essential organelle that serves as a central hub for endomembrane trafficking. In the protozoan parasite\n                  <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  , a single Golgi stack is essential for parasite survival; however, the molecular determinants governing Golgi structure and function remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize a Golgi-associated protein that is required for Golgi integrity and function, which we named Toxoplasma Golgi Integrity Factor (TGIF). Loss of TGIF disrupts parasite replication and natural egress and is lethal to the parasite. To investigate the impact of TGIF depletion on secretory protein trafficking, we adapted a fluorescence-based pulse\u2013chase assay to monitor the synthesis and trafficking of microneme and rhoptry proteins. We found that loss of TGIF significantly impaired the synthesis and trafficking of microneme and rhoptry neck proteins, whereas trafficking of rhoptry bulb proteins was minimally affected. These findings suggest that rhoptry bulb proteins may traffic independently of canonical Golgi-dependent pathways. Collectively, our study provides new insight into the mechanisms of Golgi-mediated trafficking in\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  and identifies TGIF as a critical regulator of parasite secretory pathway organization and function.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.21.726867","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T10:25:17Z","timestamp":1779618317000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TGIF is a Golgin-like protein required for Golgi structural maintenance and function in\n                  <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Camille","family":"Pearce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoife T.","family":"Heaslip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.09.005"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.3.607-623.2000"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.4","first-page":"e02513","article-title":"Essential role of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00037"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2011.01316.x"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003629"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.10.003","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy","volume":"255","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X. & Wang, Y . GRASPs in Golgi Structure and Function. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 3, (2016).","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2015.00084"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(98)00061-5","article-title":"The plant Golgi apparatus","volume":"1404","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA - Mol. Cell Res"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.1.1"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2024.102365"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13570"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02673"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.15","first-page":"e12843","article-title":"Identification of a Golgi apparatus protein complex important for the asexual erythrocytic cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200808018"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, M. , Gillingham, A. K. & Munro, S . The golgin coiled-coil proteins capture different types of transport carriers via distinct N-terminal motifs. BMC Biol. 15, 3 (2017).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-016-0345-3"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3627"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1194"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.145.1.83"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200108079"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200207045"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E08-07-0740"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200202016"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.688440"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.10.072"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasquarelli, R. R. et al. Characterization and functional analysis of Toxoplasma Golgi-associated proteins identified by proximity labeling. mBio 15, e02380\u201324.","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02380-24"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01380-21"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12870"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209390200"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2007.02.031","article-title":"Molecular evolution of the vesicle coat component \u03b2COP in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"44","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.2.432-442.2005"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.16.2631"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1082"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03828-1"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5463-1","article-title":"A genome-wide analysis of coatomer protein (COP) subunits of apicomplexan parasites and their evolutionary relationships","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12556","article-title":"Intersection of endocytic and exocytic systems in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"19","year":"2018","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00946"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008787"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02048-16"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.03.006"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307769101"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.202000050"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42746"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.01.017"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12951"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(96)02796-X"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E06-01-0064"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02513.x"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E06-01-0064"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003213"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12136-2","article-title":"A highly dynamic F-actin network regulates transport and recycling of micronemes in Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoerzer-Suckow, J. von , Sazegar, P. , Periz, J. , Gras, S. & Meissner, M. Tracking maternal proteins uncovers a central role for the residual body in organelle recycling during Toxoplasma gondii replication. eLife 14, (2025).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.108685"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.021089"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb800025k"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00242-9"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(98)00090-5"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00379-0"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2016.02.005"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.08.054"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02092-20"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.02.697355"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0339-8","article-title":"Phosphatidic acid governs natural egress in Toxoplasma gondii via a guanylate cyclase receptor platform","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.671974"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12749"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RP101894","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.101894","article-title":"Calcium transfer from the ER to other organelles for optimal signaling in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"13","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005298"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.68","first-page":"e01309","article-title":"Functional screening reveals Toxoplasma prenylated proteins required for endocytic trafficking and rhoptry protein sorting","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077620"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006331"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12426"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00909.x"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61845-2"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61845-2"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, K. , Long, S. & Sibley, L . Conditional Knockdown of Proteins Using Auxin-inducible Degron (AID) Fusions in Toxoplasma gondii. BIO-Protoc. 8, (2018).","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2728"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35051615"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100450"},{"key":"2026052705052178000_2026.05.21.726867v1.78","unstructured":"ToxoDB. https:\/\/toxodb.org\/toxo\/app."}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.05.21.726867","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:05:32Z","timestamp":1779883532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.05.21.726867"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"references-count":78,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.05.21.726867","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}