{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:20:57Z","timestamp":1785410457815,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"group-title":"Biochemistry","reference-count":70,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R35GM150910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM150910"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Emerging Pathogens Initiative"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Emerging Pathogens Initiative"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Investigator"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investigator"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Gilliam Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gilliam Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Doerr School of Sustainability Geomicrobiology Shared Labs (GML) (RRID: SCR_025000)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doerr School of Sustainability Geomicrobiology Shared Labs (GML) (RRID: SCR_025000)."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00f54p054","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The Lyme disease agent\n                  <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  belongs to a class of metabolically compromised bacteria that cannot survive without host-derived lipids. Survival of the agent in tick and vertebrate hosts requires substantial nutrient acquisition and potential cell envelope remodeling. While prior studies identified cholesterol, cholesterol glycolipids, and phosphatidylcholines as membrane lipids in\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  , the identity of many other membrane lipids, their origin, and their physiological relevance remain unknown. Here, we used a suite of untargeted and targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry methods to reveal a complex lipid profile of the pathogen and to identify the origin of its lipids. The analysis detected more than 500 lipids in\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  , the majority of which are sourced from the environment. However, the bacterium selectively accumulates certain lipids while excluding others, suggesting discriminatory uptake. These include cholesteryl esters and triglycerides that are organized in foci within the pathogen. Intriguingly, the pathogen also synthesizes predominantly eukaryotic lipids such as the lysosomal bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate and the plant glycolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG). The biosynthesis of the latter is carried out by enzymes that exhibit structural homology to plant oxidoreductases and galactosyltransferases, yet their closest orthologs are found in bacteria. This hints that the capability of SQDG synthesis is more widespread in spirochaetes and other bacteria. Together, the comprehensive lipid profiling we report here uncovers novel aspects of the physiology of the metabolically challenged\n                  <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                  and highlights lipid acquisition and synthesis pathways as potentially critical for pathogen survival.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.22.727245","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T02:25:12Z","timestamp":1779589512000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A lipid compendium of a metabolically compromised bacterium provides insights into lipid acquisition, biosynthesis, and metabolism"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Poulami","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejin Esther","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles I.","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac A.","family":"Paddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alysha K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"McCausland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula V.","family":"Welander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Jacobs-Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M. K.","family":"Dassama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.27.30569"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.042.333"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116767"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22131"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00429-5"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09500-4"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00835-23"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MBP-0011-2014"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.14.643351"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-09374-0"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252214"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003353"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26752-0"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00728.x"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61675"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013821"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02212-y"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.8.2151-2157.1994"},{"key":"2026052715401262000_2026.05.22.727245v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gwynne, P. 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