{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T19:49:37Z","timestamp":1786564177559,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":39,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI167724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI167724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DA056770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA056770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Office of Research Infrastructure Programs","award":["P51OD11132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51OD11132"]}]},{"name":"Office of Research Infrastructure Programs","award":["U42OD011023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U42OD011023"]}]},{"name":"Office of Research Infrastructure Programs","award":["P30AI050409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI050409"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S10OD026799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD026799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) could prevent and treat HIV-1 infection but are limited by host immune responses, specifically anti-drug antibodies (ADA). We tested whether PD-L1-mediated immune shielding could improve the consistency of AAV-delivered bNAb expression from muscle tissue in rhesus macaques. AAV9.PD-L1 co-delivery with AAV9.3BNC117 reduced the occurrence of ADA and T cell responses and improved the durability of 3BNC117 expression for one year post administration. Importantly, 5 of 6 macaques that received co-delivered AAV9.PD-L1 vectors were protected against ten repeated SHIV\n                  <jats:sub>AD8-EO<\/jats:sub>\n                  challenges. Histopathological and spatial transcriptomic profiling showed that AAV9.PD-L1 co-delivery prevented severe local inflammation, muscle injury, and tertiary lymphoid structure formation at the administration site. Thus, immune shielding could serve as a strategy to prolong transgene expression from muscle-directed AAV-delivered biologics.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.29.728706","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:30:13Z","timestamp":1780381813000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Co-delivered PD-L1 rescues the protective efficacy mediated by an AAV-expressed HIV-1 bNAb"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Kuipa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakarr A.","family":"Koroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 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