{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:16:45Z","timestamp":1788574605100,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":62,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["109301-59-RGRL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109301-59-RGRL"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jesmk44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["110560-74-RPRL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110560-74-RPRL"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jesmk44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["UM1AI164560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI164560"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01AI170239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI170239"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P01AI178375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI178375"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01DE032033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE032033"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01CA290027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA290027"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P30DK135103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK135103"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1 TR001872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"United States Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BC220499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BC220499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32AI060530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI060530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32GM136547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM136547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have been associated with enhancement of HIV-specific T or B cell responses and sustained partial control of HIV replication in some people with HIV (PWH). The mechanisms through which bNAbs may potentiate host immunity in this context are not known. We previously reported the outcomes of a clinical trial in which ten PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) received a combination of immunotherapies including two bNAbs administered immediately preceding an analytic treatment interruption (ATI). After bNAb levels waned, seven participants exhibited varying degrees of post-intervention control of HIV linked to a robust expansion of activated CD8+ T cells in response to rebounding virus. To investigate the role of the bNAbs in enhancing endogenous immune responses, we looked for evidence of HIV-specific or broader immune activation during the period after ART was paused and prior to rebound when bNAbs were controlling HIV replication. At a timepoint early post-ART interruption and at least one month before virus emerged in plasma, we detected an increase in levels of plasma inflammatory proteins as well as phenotypic and transcriptional activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Compared to non-controllers, post-intervention controllers demonstrated unique transcriptional activation patterns as well as differential longitudinal plasma inflammatory protein trends. No enhancement of HIV-specific T cell or antibody responses was observed in this window. This study identifies activated cell types and inflammatory pathways that are recruited early during bNAb-mediated HIV suppression and that may play a role in potentiating long-lasting HIV immune control after bNAb therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>One Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a combination immunotherapy trial with high rates of post-intervention control, bNAb-mediated HIV suppression was associated with increased immune activation compared to HIV suppression by ART.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.29.728863","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:00:21Z","timestamp":1780434021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune activation during broadly neutralizing antibody-mediated HIV suppression prior to post-intervention control"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demi A.","family":"Sandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Gruenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tib\u00farcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayleen S.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiti","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Traglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Di Germanio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomi","family":"Ilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dalhuisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghann C.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Juelg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia N.","family":"Deitchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela K.","family":"Fragiadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"UCSF CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Rutishauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01207-9"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.016"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-248609"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41586-020-2838-Z"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6272-6280.2005"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707950114"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12484"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00914-1"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34171-2"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02023-7"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04597-1"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0747-1"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09929-5"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.02.26345374"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.06.009"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21435"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf7966"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0600-6"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02547-6"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf0972"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.03.25339415"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217207109"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02213-14"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005000"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01400-20"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42834-x"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4380"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0531-2"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04797-9"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.04.25342277"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03247-5"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.32","unstructured":"Tebas P , Azzoni L , Papasavvas E et al. BEAT2 PRIMARY TRIAL OUTCOMES: PEG-IFN-\u03b12b +3BNC117 & 10-1074 IN CHRONIC HIV INFECTION [Internet]. Presented at: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, WA, 2023. [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/abstract\/beat2-primary-trial-outcomes-peg-ifn-\u03b12b-3bnc117-10-1074-in-chronic-hiv-infection\/"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.33","unstructured":"Dong K , Asari V , Govender V et al. Evaluation of 2 bNAbs Plus Vesatolimod in Early-Treated South African Women With HIV-1 During ATI [Internet]. Presented at: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA, 2025. [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/abstract\/2240-2025\/"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.34","unstructured":"Edgar J , Elliott T , Lee M , et al. Altered Viral Kinetics at ATI After Dual LS-bNAbs Plus ART: A Preliminary Analysis of RIO Arm B [Internet]. Conference on Retrviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Denver, CO, 2026. [cited 2026 Mar 2]. Available from: https:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/resources\/2026\/croi2026-abstract-ebook.pdf"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrell-Sherman A , Azam W , de la Force N , White EL , Sandel DA , Rodriguez AE , et al. Early immune responses anticipate HIV rebound and precede viral control | bioRxiv [Internet]. [cited 2026 Mar 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.64898\/2026.03.23.713704v1","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.23.713704"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI130597"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf367"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-025-00744-1"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.136648"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00995-25"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01442-20"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153317"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2012.09.007"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.44","unstructured":"R: The R Project for Statistical Computing [Internet]. [cited 2026 May 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.45","unstructured":"Help for package splines [Internet]. [cited 2026 May 21]. Available from: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/doc\/manuals\/r-patched\/packages\/splines\/refman\/splines.html"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.46","unstructured":"Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics \u2022 ggplot2 [Internet]. [cited 2026 May 21]. Available from: https:\/\/ggplot2.tidyverse.org\/"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.29.542756"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr509"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2019.03.003"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.51","unstructured":"McGinnis C. chris-mcginnis-ucsf\/DoubletFinder [R] [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 May 16]. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/chris-mcginnis-ucsf\/DoubletFinder"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29356-8"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuno.2025.100063"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-1266"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy083"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0844-5"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa687"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110815"},{"key":"2026060523150907000_2026.05.29.728863v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.022"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.05.29.728863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1780726520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.05.29.728863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":62,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.05.29.728863","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}