{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:08:51Z","timestamp":1785146931066,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":98,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01MH122706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH122706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012680","name":"Wharton Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Baszucki Group"},{"name":"California Initiative to Advance Precision Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite their prevalence, the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety remains poorly understood. Although adversity is a known risk factor, the mechanisms and biological contexts through which it contributes to mood disorder symptoms remain unclear. Immune and mitochondrial adaptations have both been implicated in mood disorders, suggesting the biological embedding of adversity may involve both systems. However, inconsistencies in the literature remain, partly due to reliance on mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations despite substantial variability in mitochondrial biology across immune cell subtypes. We therefore investigated associations between adversity, mood disorder symptoms, immune cell proportions, and immune cell\u2013specific mitochondrial bioenergetics (enzyme activities and respirometry) in participants from the Mitochondrial Stress, Brain Imaging, and Epigenetics (MiSBIE) study (n=105, age 18-60, 68% female, 35% with mitochondrial disease). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were positively associated with the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, suggesting a shift toward greater innate relative to adaptive immunity. Associations between mood disorder symptoms and immune cell count were stronger in those exposed to greater early life adversity. Mood disorder symptoms were negatively associated with lymphocyte maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity (MRC). As expected, the associations between mood disorder symptoms and lymphocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics (enzyme-based MRC and respiratory measurements) were stronger and more consistent among individuals exposed to higher lifetime adversity compared to those with lower lifetime adversity. Overall, these results suggest a complex interplay between adversity, immune cell mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mood disorder symptoms, highlighting immune mitochondrial biology as a potential allostatic pathway linking adversity to psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.02.26354718","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:10:15Z","timestamp":1780542615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lifetime adversity exposure, mood symptoms, and immune mitochondrial bioenergetics"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"Monzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandakh","family":"Bekhbat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322]"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2783-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Bobba-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5710-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George M.","family":"Slavich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert-Paul","family":"Juster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Trumpff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.2","first-page":"168","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization\u2019s World Mental Health Survey Initiative","volume":"6","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2018.04.001"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)5:2<66::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.6","unstructured":"Hassel, S. , McKinnon, M. C. , Cusi, A. M. & MacQueen, G. M . An overview of psychological and neurobiological mechanisms by which early negative experiences increase risk of mood disorders. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 20, 277 (2011)."},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, R. T . Childhood adversities and depression in adulthood: Current findings and future directions. Clinical psychology: science and practice 24, 140 (2017).","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12190"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z.-y., et al. Dimensional early life adversity and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis and longitudinal study. Child Abuse & Neglect 160, 107201 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.107201"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9705-0_9"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2647"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcolongo-Pereira, C. et al. Neurobiological mechanisms of mood disorders: Stress vulnerability and resilience. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 16, 1006836 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1006836"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.05.012"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2022.2148100","article-title":"Immune cell dynamics in response to an acute laboratory stressor: a within-person between-group analysis of the biological impact of early life adversity","volume":"25","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apsley, A. T. et al. Investigating the effects of maltreatment and acute stress on the concordance of blood and DNA methylation methods of estimating immune cell proportions. Clinical epigenetics 15, 33 (2023).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01437-5"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.028"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segerstrom, S. C. & Miller, G. E . Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological bulletin 130, 601 (2004).","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, J. J. , Lam, P. H. , Chen, E. & Miller, G. E . Psychological stress during childhood and adolescence and its association with inflammation across the lifespan: A critical review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 148, 27 (2022).","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000351"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.001","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and monocyte gene expression among women with breast cancer","volume":"88","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, behavior, and immunity"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218253109"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s095457942000187x"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.57"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810260079012"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(92)90004-8"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90016-U"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.03.008","article-title":"Monocyte profiles and their association with depression severity and functional disability","volume":"184","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02902-2"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01905-z","article-title":"Immune cell composition in unipolar depression: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.06.098","article-title":"Sex-specific association of peripheral blood cell indices and inflammatory markers with depressive symptoms in early adolescence","volume":"362","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00456-7"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.09.012"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weger, M. et al. Mitochondrial gene signature in the prefrontal cortex for differential susceptibility to chronic stress. Scientific reports 10, 18308 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75326-9"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602185113"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2317673121"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2016.08.006"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26867-7"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005885117"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2191396"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.22"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003676"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0090-0"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.300"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn.0623","article-title":"Downregulation in components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with bipolar disorder","volume":"31","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02532409"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112891"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00067-8"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040884"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3655-6"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01723-x"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2019.07.013"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.44"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.05.060"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2024.100643"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.12.025"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.53"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.12.026"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401320"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70899"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, S. L. et al. Influence of Immune Cell Subtypes on Mitochondrial Measurements in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Children with Sepsis. Shock 57 (2022).","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001903"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8517-0"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199307000-00004"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919268"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.08.006","article-title":"A Platform to Map the Mind-Mitochondria Connection and the Hallmarks of Psychobiology: The MiSBIE Study","volume":"35","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2022.100065"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C. C. et al. Immune cell mitochondrial phenotypes are largely preserved in mitochondrial diseases and do not reflect disease severity. bioRxiv, 2025.2001. 2018.633635 (2025).","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.18.633635"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.05.040"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701082","article-title":"Proinflammatory T cell status associated with early life adversity","volume":"199","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhlman, K. R. , Cole, S. W. , Tan, E. N. , Swanson, J. A. & Rao, U . Childhood maltreatment and immune cell gene regulation during adolescence: Transcriptomics highlight non-classical monocytes. Biomolecules 14, 220 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14020220"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.03.004","article-title":"Differential immune profiles in the context of chronic stress among childhood adversity-exposed adolescents. Brain","volume":"127","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.21.6.531"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613478594"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lim2.75"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120236"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00323-0"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120236"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.021"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100462"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zv\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1, M. et al. Disturbances of mitochondrial parameters to distinguish patients with depressive episode of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 233\u2013240 (2019).","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S188964"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.05.005"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6290","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010423","article-title":"The fate of mitochondria during platelet activation","volume":"7","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.01.012"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000001312"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.04.006"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, H. et al. Elucidating the mitochondrial function of murine lymphocyte subsets and the heterogeneity of the mitophagy pathway inherited from hematopoietic stem cells. Frontiers in immunology 13, 1061448 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1061448"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Mitochondria-related parameters of lymphocyte subsets can distinguish different disease stages in patients with HBV infection. Scientific Reports 15, 21008 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05922-0"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14361"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1614","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1614","article-title":"An immunological age index in bipolar disorder: A confirmatory factor analysis of putative immunosenescence markers and associations with clinical characteristics","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3943-9"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-082719-104030"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.19.590241"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duchowny, K. A. et al. Childhood adverse life events and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Science Advances 10, eadj6411 (2024).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj6411"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0431"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spielberger, C. , Gorsuch, R. , Lushene, R. , Vagg, P. R. & Jacobs, G . Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y1 \u2013 Y2). Vol. IV (1983).","DOI":"10.1037\/t06496-000"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199703000-00012"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(97)00108-4"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.96","first-page":"e200343","article-title":"Immune cell mitochondrial phenotypes are largely preserved in mitochondrial diseases and do not reflect disease severity","volume":"12","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurology: Genetics"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202256380"},{"key":"2026072702551000000_2026.06.02.26354718v2.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.774471"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.06.02.26354718","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:55:28Z","timestamp":1785146128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.06.02.26354718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":98,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.06.02.26354718","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}