{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T03:56:19Z","timestamp":1781322979800,"version":"3.54.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":62,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R24 AI138963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 AI138963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U24 AI177622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AI177622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Human immunoglobulin (IG) loci are highly polymorphic, yet existing germline resources remain noisy and incomplete, limiting our ability to link inherited variation to antibody repertoires. Here, we integrate high-fidelity long-read genomic sequencing with matched adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) to construct HUSA, a population-scale, evidence-resolved germline resource. Using a conservative allele inference framework, HUSA expands current references more than three-fold, identifying over 1300 alleles while preserving allele-level evidence provenance across genomic and repertoire data. By linking genotype and expressed repertoires within individuals, we show that coding-region similarity predicts the structure of adjacent recombination signal sequences and leader regions, revealing that IG alleles are organized as linked cis-regulatory units associated with differences in recombination context and allele usage. These results define key germline constraints shaping repertoire formation and establish a robust, genotype-aware foundation for the analysis of immune receptor repertoires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.05.730236","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:10:33Z","timestamp":1781053833000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated human immunoglobulin germline resource linking allele diversity to expressed repertoire structure"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0188-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayelet","family":"Peres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0134-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uddalok","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4587-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar L.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Vanwinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Engelbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Croslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Schultze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrima","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clareo Biosciences, Louisville, KY 40202, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7248-8787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey T.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9311-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gur","family":"Yaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026061220151122000_2026.06.05.730236v1.1","unstructured":"K.M. 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