{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:16:05Z","timestamp":1785417365849,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":61,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["AI178947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI178947"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RESTORE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RESTORE"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q9fhm49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["HR16-085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR16-085"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02q578v20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P50AR060804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50AR060804"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01DE017593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DE017593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["P30CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA225520"]}]},{"name":"Office of the Director"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are promising mediators of cancer immunotherapy, yet their potential to drive autoimmunity remains incompletely understood. Here, we identify a feedback mechanism in which innate-like V\u03b31.1\u207aV\u03b46.3\u207a T cells are reprogrammed into ILC1-like cells, thereby restraining autoimmune pathology. We define a previously unrecognized ILC1 subset whose development depends on an intact\n                  <jats:italic>Tcrd<\/jats:italic>\n                  locus. These cells predominantly harbor productive V\u03b31.1 and V\u03b46 rearrangements, consistent with their origin from V\u03b31.1\u207aV\u03b46.3\u207a T cells. Mechanistically, TCR signaling induces Id3, which suppresses E protein\u2013dependent activation of T cell\u2013specific genes, including that encoding V\u03b46.3. Id3 ablation drives robust expansion of V\u03b31.1\u207aV\u03b46.3\u207a T cells and severe autoimmunity, characterized by tissue infiltration, autoantibody production, enhanced T follicular helper cell differentiation, and accumulation of germinal center and age-associated B cells. Together with previously described exocrine dysfunction, these features resemble human Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease. Consistent with this, we observed in the salivary glands of Sjogren\u2019s disease patients an increased frequency of CD4\u207bCD8\u207b T cells enriched for \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, including subsets functionally analogous to murine V\u03b31.1\u207aV\u03b46.3\u207a cells. Collectively, these findings uncover a TCR\u2013Id3\u2013dependent reprogramming pathway that limit the pathogenic potential of harmful \u03b3\u03b4 T cells.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.05.730476","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T22:00:14Z","timestamp":1781128814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A feedback control for restraining autoimmune \u03b3\u03b4 T cells: reprogramming into ILC1s"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Bajana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6897-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Pankow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Guzniczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4584-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Bagavant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.L.","family":"Joachims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6392-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7133-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.R.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.D","family":"Farris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2236-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U.","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.-H.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026061312550963000_2026.06.05.730476v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00478.x"},{"key":"2026061312550963000_2026.06.05.730476v2.2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development and function of gammadelta T cells","volume":"398","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026061312550963000_2026.06.05.730476v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90787-7"},{"key":"2026061312550963000_2026.06.05.730476v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahl, S.P. , Kappes, D.J. & Wiest, D.L. 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