{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:49:14Z","timestamp":1782118154237,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"group-title":"Addiction Medicine","reference-count":47,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Duke Department of Emergency Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol use is a leading modifiable risk factor for injury in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, young people (\u226424 years) experience greater alcohol-related harm despite drinking less frequently than adults. Punguza Pombe kwa Afya Yako (PPKAY) is a culturally adapted, brief intervention for injury patients in Tanzania. This study examined whether age moderates its effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of baseline and 3-month data from the PPKAY randomized trial among injury patients aged \u226518 years at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Eligible participants reporting alcohol use before injury, AUDIT \u22658, or positive breathalyzer were randomized to usual care or PPKAY with SMS boosters. The primary outcome was binge drinking days. Count outcomes were analyzed using negative binomial regression with robust SEs and continuous outcomes using mixed-effects models. Effect modification was assessed using a three-way interaction (Time \u00d7 intervention \u00d7 Age).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 543 participants (mean age 36.8 years; 16.2% aged 18\u201324), age moderated the intervention effect for drinking days (IRR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.07\u20130.98; p = 0.046) and drinks consumed (IRR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04\u20130.77; p = 0.021). The intervention reduced 4 drinking days (95% CI \u22127.1 to \u22120.8) and 27.5 drinks (95% CI \u221242.8 to \u221212.2) among young people, while adults showed reductions in both arms, without intervention-specific effect.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effects of ED-based brief alcohol interventions are not uniform, varying across both age groups and alcohol-related outcomes. We found a greater responsiveness in drinking frequency and quantity reported among young people.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.10.26355118","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T01:40:17Z","timestamp":1781833217000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age as a moderator of a brief alcohol intervention among injury patients in Northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winfrida C.","family":"Mwita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ricardo","family":"Nickenig Vissoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao Vitor Perez","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baraka","family":"Moshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Madundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florida J.","family":"Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Community Health Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blandina T.","family":"Mmbaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sia E.","family":"Msuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Community Health Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Staton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026062201101720000_2026.06.10.26355118v1.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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