{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1782380854704,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"group-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","reference-count":30,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01HD108619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD108619"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine whether intrapartum synthetic oxytocin exposure for labor induction or augmentation is associated with breastfeeding and postpartum depressive and traumatic stress symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied 1,296 postpartum women who delivered at a single tertiary care center, with assessments from the third trimester through approximately two months postpartum. Intrapartum oxytocin exposure was obtained from electronic medical records. Outcomes included exclusive breastfeeding, postpartum depression, and childbirth-related traumatic stress. Analyses were stratified by delivery mode and adjusted for key maternal and obstetric covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Overall, 63.3% of participants received intrapartum oxytocin. Among participants with vaginal delivery, oxytocin exposure was associated with lower exclusive breastfeeding at two months after adjustment (58.2% vs 70.3%; adjusted RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76\u20130.97;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02), but not with postpartum mental health outcomes. Among participants with unscheduled cesarean delivery, oxytocin exposure was independently associated with higher immediate postpartum depressive symptoms (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 4.97,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03), acute childbirth-related stress (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 4.56,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03), and two-month childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 4.30,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04), but not two-month depressive symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intrapartum oxytocin exposure was associated with lower exclusive breastfeeding after vaginal delivery and modestly higher childbirth-related distress after unscheduled cesarean delivery. These findings suggest that oxytocin exposure may mark or contribute to postpartum vulnerability in specific delivery contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Pr\u00e9cis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intrapartum synthetic oxytocin exposure was associated with lower exclusive breastfeeding after vaginal delivery and modestly higher childbirth-related distress after unscheduled cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.20.26356155","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T18:40:19Z","timestamp":1782240019000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intrapartum Oxytocin and Maternal Outcomes Following Vaginal and Unscheduled Cesarean Delivery"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadas","family":"Allouche-Kam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postpartum Traumatic Stress Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isha H.","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postpartum Traumatic Stress Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postpartum Traumatic Stress Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postpartum Traumatic Stress Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Dekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postpartum Traumatic Stress Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026062502101146000_2026.06.20.26356155v1.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. 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