{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T21:59:09Z","timestamp":1785189549287,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"group-title":"Nutrition","reference-count":208,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund network of charities (American Institute for Cancer Research; World Cancer Research Fund; Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), and fruit and vegetable juices are consumed worldwide, yet their associations with cancer remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Within World Cancer Research Fund International\u2019s Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global), we conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed and Embase until September 2024 for cohort studies of SSBs, ASBs, and juices and cancer risk. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs per 1 serving\/day (355 mL for SSBs\/ASBs; 177 mL for juices). Evidence was graded by the CUP Global Expert Panel. The CUP Global standard protocol was registered at:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/7utbm\/\">https:\/\/osf.io\/7utbm\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We identified 158 publications from 51 cohorts. There was evidence of a probable causal positive association for SSBs, including carbonated SSBs, with pancreatic cancer incidence (RR 1.09 [95% CI 1.01\u20131.16]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =8%, n=18 studies), and for SSBs with colorectal cancer incidence (RR 1.07 [95% CI 1.00\u20131.14]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =41%, n=13). Limited suggestive evidence supported positive associations of SSBs with ovarian (RR 1.61 [95%CI 1.03\u20132.53]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0%, n=2), endometrial (RR 1.21 [95%CI 1.03-1.42]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0%, n=3), and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence (RR 1.05 [95%CI 1.00-1.10] ; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0%, n=6), and of carbonated ASBs with leukaemia incidence (RR 1.29 [95%CI 1.01-1.64]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0%, n=2). There was evidence of a probable causal positive association for orange juice with different types of skin cancer including melanoma (RR 1.21 [95%CI 1.08-1.34]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0%, n=4), and basal (RR 1.12 [95%CI 1.06-1.17]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =46%, n=2) and squamous cell carcinoma (RR 1.13 [95%CI 1.04-1.24]; I\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0%, n=2). An interactive evidence platform is available at:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/teacup.cc.ic.ac.uk\/soft-drinks-cancer.html\">https:\/\/teacup.cc.ic.ac.uk\/soft-drinks-cancer.html<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review provides evidence supporting probable causal associations of SSBs with pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and of orange juice with skin cancers, with additional suggestive evidence for SSBs with other obesity-related cancers, extending concerns about sugary drink consumption beyond cardiometabolic health to cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>World Cancer Research Fund network of charities (American Institute for Cancer Research; World Cancer Research Fund; Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.22.26355879","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:55:13Z","timestamp":1783112113000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetable juices and cancer risk: a World Cancer Research Fund International Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4231-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Jayedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8481-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Markozannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayada Zartasha","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-7866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Cariolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Balducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Pagkalidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2705-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Cividini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4533-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagfinn","family":"Aune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo"},{"name":"Department of Research, The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7035-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren C","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2716-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure","family":"Dossus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Fontvieille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8144-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahid","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5892-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Mahamat-Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc J.","family":"Gunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini Jayasekar","family":"Z\u00fcrn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge, Advocacy and Policy, Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3008-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian C.","family":"Abnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch (MEB), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1867-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa L.Z.","family":"Gordon-Dseagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5959-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christelle","family":"Clary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7247-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Croker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Mitrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elio","family":"Riboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4881-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-4007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Gaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9117-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Giovannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8606-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Kampman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4311-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research & Epidemiology, PO Box 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands |"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6281-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St.Louis, St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Pischon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Severi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESP U1018, U.Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Representative"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matty P.","family":"Weijenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos K","family":"Tsilidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris S.M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.199"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-079234"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41269-8"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik VS , Hu FB . Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cardiometabolic Health: An Update of the Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081840"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41574-021-00627-6"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514001329"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lara-Castor L , O\u2019Hearn M , Cudhea F , et al. Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries. Nat Med 2025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2024.103510"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-021-00372-2","article-title":"Substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages for other beverages: can it be the next step towards healthy aging?","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Nutrition Reports"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12040"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.10","first-page":"e33231","article-title":"Artificially Sweetened Beverages Beyond the Metabolic Risks: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.04.003"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz031","article-title":"Role of fruit juice in achieving the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake","volume":"77","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.6124","article-title":"Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"178","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01302-x"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.51322"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01459-5","article-title":"Association of soft drinks and 100% fruit juice consumption with risk of cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.05.010","article-title":"Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.18","unstructured":"WCRF\/AICR. Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: a global perspective: a summary of the Third Expert Report: World Cancer Research Fund International; 2018."},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markozannes G , Jayedi A , Cividini S , et al. A literature scanning and prioritization framework to guide future systematic reviews for World Cancer Research Fund International\u2019s Global Cancer Update Programme. medRxiv 2026: 2026.05.07.26352530.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.07.26352530"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ , McKenzie JE , Bossuyt PM , et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Bmj 2021; 372 : n71.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.21","unstructured":"USDA. Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review. Risk of Bias for Nutrition Observational Studies (RoB-NObs) Tool. 2022. https:\/\/nesr.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-07\/RiskOfBiasForNutritionObservationalStudies-RoB-NObs.pdf (accessed April 2025)."},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JA , Hern\u00e1n MA , Reeves BC , et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. Bmj 2016; 355: i4919.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3013"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.25","unstructured":"Deierlein AL , Raynor HA , Andres A , et al. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Growth, Body Composition, and Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis [Internet]. Alexandria (VA): USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; 2024 Nov. Methods. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK611226\/. 2024."},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22909"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.11","article-title":"Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X211025798","article-title":"Weighted mixed-effects dose\u2013response models for tables of correlated contrasts","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20000730)19:14<1831::AID-SIM502>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell FE . Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis: Springer; 2001.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03607-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.11.009","article-title":"Diet quality and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: The Multiethnic Cohort","volume":"117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27740"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.90"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.122","article-title":"Index-based dietary patterns and risk of lung cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study","volume":"70","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arthur RS , Kirsh VA , Mossavar-Rahmani Y , Xue X , Rohan TE . Sugar-containing beverages and their association with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancers among Canadian women. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 70: 101855.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2020.101855"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.431","article-title":"Added sugar and sugar-sweetened foods and beverages and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study","volume":"88","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrub\u00e9s L , Babio N , Hern\u00e1ndez-Alonso P , et al. Association between the 2018 WCRF\/AICR and the Low-Risk Lifestyle Scores with Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Predimed Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041215"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2523"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws261"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009709","article-title":"A prospective cohort study on vegetable and fruit consumption and stomach cancer risk in The Netherlands","volume":"148","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chazelas E , Srour B , Desmetz E , et al. Sugary drink consumption and risk of cancer: results from NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 prospective cohort. Bmj 2019; 366: l2408.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2408"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen CH , Tsai MK , Lee JH , et al. \"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages\" Is an Independent Risk From Pancreatic Cancer: Based on Half a Million Asian Cohort Followed for 25 Years. Front Oncol 2022; 12: 835901.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.835901"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-23-0690","article-title":"Adherence to the Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Bladder Cancer Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort","volume":"32","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.039438"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-9945-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518003665","article-title":"Diet and risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer: UK Women\u2019s Cohort Study","volume":"122","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200004000-00009"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farvid MS , Chen WY , Michels KB , Cho E , Willett WC , Eliassen AH . Fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer: population based cohort study. Bmj 2016; 353: i2343.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2343"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31653","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow-up","volume":"144","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.53","first-page":"e2246311","article-title":"Association Between Genetic Risk","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk. JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600882"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.22.1812"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.56","first-page":"341","article-title":"Tomato consumption and intake of lycopene as predictors of the incidence of prostate cancer: the Adventist Health Study-2","volume":"31","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr583"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22993"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23319"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9107-4"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0402"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2484-3"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr148"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0945-T"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt302"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1726"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34211","article-title":"Diet-wide association study of 92 foods and nutrients and lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study and the Netherlands Cohort Study","volume":"151","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-019-1244-7","article-title":"Nutrient-wide association study of 92 foods and nutrients and breast cancer risk","volume":"22","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.09.011"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002555"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0732"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323450"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1401","article-title":"Dietary pattern in association with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: a prospective study","volume":"85","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0636"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.18.2022"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.76","unstructured":"Iso H , Kubota Y . Nutrition and disease in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer (JACC). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2007; 8 Suppl: 35-80."},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang Z , Chen H , Li M , Wang W , Long F , Fan C . Associations between colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of tomato, tomato products, and lycopene: evidence from a prospective study of 101,680 US adults. Front Oncol 2023; 13: 1220270.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1220270"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin D , Lu Y , Wu W , et al . Diet-Wide Association, Genetic Susceptibility and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15(22).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224801"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones GS , Graubard BI , Ramirez Y , et al. Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of liver cancer by diabetes status: A pooled analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 79: 102201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2022.102201"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac082","article-title":"Adherence to 5 Diet Quality Indices and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Large US Prospective Cohort","volume":"191","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.05.016"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang M , Wilkens LR , Wirth MD , et al. Diet Quality and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121965"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy238"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-022-01216-0","article-title":"Sugary drink consumption and the subsequent risk of gastric cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study","volume":"77","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.85","first-page":"58","article-title":"Dietary habits and cancer mortality among middle aged and older Japanese living in hokkaido, Japan by cancer site and sex","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604105"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02623-7","article-title":"Plant-based dietary patterns defined by a priori indices and colorectal cancer risk by sex and race\/ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort Study","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.031","article-title":"Healthful Plant-Based Dietary Pattern and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multiethnic Population: A Cohort Study","volume":"118","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm065"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008809706062"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0218"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz013","article-title":"Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29922"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab241","article-title":"Adolescent Plant Product Intake in Relation to Later Prostate Cancer Risk and Mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study","volume":"151","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1171"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsson SC , Giovannucci EL , Wolk A . Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Risk of Biliary Tract and Gallbladder Cancer in a Prospective Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108(10).","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw125"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023070","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2023070","article-title":"Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research and Korean Cancer Prevention Guidelines and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study from the Health Examinees-Gem study","volume":"45","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0889"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa127","article-title":"Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Pro-vegetarian dietary pattern in relation to the risk of basal cell carcinoma: a nested case-control study within the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort.","volume":"112","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01103-x","article-title":"Sugary drink consumption and risk of kidney and bladder cancer in Japanese adults","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1364"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03677-5","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort","volume":"22","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5601_6"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22807"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000450","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Diet and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in US Men and Women","volume":"114","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33367","article-title":"Quality diet indexes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study","volume":"148","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00666-9","article-title":"Citrus intake and risk of skin cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC)","volume":"35","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-17-0218"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.118.037401"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19896","article-title":"The association between citrus consumption and melanoma risk in the UK Biobank","volume":"185","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2021.1952439","article-title":"Citrus Consumption and Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the UK Biobank","volume":"74","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1939-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-22-0392","article-title":"Sugar- and Artificially-Sweetened Beverages and Cancer Mortality in a Large U","volume":"31","year":"2022","journal-title":"S. Prospective Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.197475"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2020.1803933","article-title":"Association between Citrus Consumption and Melanoma Risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study","volume":"73","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2019.1644353","article-title":"Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"72","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0970"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.118588"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905063401803"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.7.605"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21407"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.063602"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115867","article-title":"Bladder cancer in a low risk population: results from the Adventist Health Study","volume":"133","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21332"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0862"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2478","article-title":"Association Between Soft Drink Consumption and Mortality in 10 European Countries","volume":"179","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.130963"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30410","article-title":"Adherence to diet, physical activity and body weight recommendations and breast cancer incidence in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.129","first-page":"869","article-title":"Is adherence to diet, physical activity, and body weight cancer prevention recommendations associated with colorectal cancer incidence in African American women?","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29994"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1495","article-title":"Dietary glycemic load, added sugars, and carbohydrates as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study","volume":"86","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.01.084","article-title":"Coffee, tea, caffeine, and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a Chinese population: The Singapore Chinese Health Study","volume":"81","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.7.2342","article-title":"Fruits and vegetables intake differentially affects estrogen receptor negative and positive breast cancer incidence rates","volume":"133","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2001.tb02148.x"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223638"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.028","article-title":"A Prospective Diet-Wide Association Study for Risk of Colorectal Cancer in EPIC","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-02132-z","article-title":"A nutrient-wide association study for risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and the Netherlands Cohort Study","volume":"59","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.174920"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-1006"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32853","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms in the NIH-AARP diet and health study","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-0592"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20577"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.03.025"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.11.016","article-title":"Association of Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Urinary Tract Cancers in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Observational Study","volume":"47","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab172","article-title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Artificially Sweetened Beverages, and Breast Cancer Risk: Results From 2 Prospective US Cohorts","volume":"151","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1839-2","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incidence of breast cancer: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project","volume":"58","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25592"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakaki JR , Melough MM , Roberts MB , et al. Citrus Consumption and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative. Cancers (Basel ) 2021; 13(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092173"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580701274178"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.030833"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0059"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.152","first-page":"673","article-title":"Vegetable and fruit consumption and prostate cancer risk: a cohort study in The Netherlands","volume":"7","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0683"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2014.01.001","article-title":"Consumption of fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds (sea vegetables) and pancreatic cancer risk: the Ohsaki Cohort Study","volume":"38","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11490"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn196"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-22-0564"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116921","article-title":"Vegetables, fruit, and colon cancer in the Iowa Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"139","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0818-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.4.895","article-title":"Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial","volume":"83","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-006-0064-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24830","article-title":"Antioxidant intake from fruits, vegetables and other sources and risk of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: the Iowa Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"126","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23275"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.183"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.11.1081"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008906706084"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24134"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068921"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang YC , Lin CH , Huang SP , Chen M , Lee TS . Risk Factors for Female Breast Cancer: A Population Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel ) 2022; 14(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030788"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgv109"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.4111"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu X , Peng L , Luo H , et al. Adherence to diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a prospective study of 101,755 American adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10: 1218632.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1218632"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04555-z","article-title":"Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1150"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.175","first-page":"17629","article-title":"Association of dietary tomato intake with bladder cancer risk in a prospective cohort of 101,683 individuals with 12.5 years of follow-up","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31894","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer risk in a population-based cohort study in Japan","volume":"144","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.36.20220135","article-title":"Association between soft drink consumption types and risk of lung cancer and all-cancer: A prospective study of PLCO data","volume":"36","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac040","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened beverage and sugar consumption and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality according to anatomic subsite","volume":"115","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30880"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02953-5","article-title":"Sweetened beverages are associated with a higher risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in the EPIC cohort: a dietary pattern approach","volume":"62","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.181","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Consumption of vegetables and fruits and urothelial cancer incidence: a prospective study","volume":"10","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq107"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.07.009","article-title":"Association of dietary insulinemic and inflammatory potential with risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality in postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"118","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6843","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3348","article-title":"Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.12.004","article-title":"Specific botanical groups of fruit and vegetable consumption and liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.12618"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.08.011","article-title":"Ultra-processed products and risk of liver cancer: A prospective cohort study","volume":"43","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.11.013","article-title":"Plant-based diets and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a large prospective multicenter study","volume":"117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34290","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial","volume":"152","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Z , Peng L , Gu H , et al. Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating pattern and lung cancer risk in 98,459 participants: results from a large prospective study. Front Nutr 2023; 10: 1142067.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1142067"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin X , Wu M , Dong S , Liu H , Ma H . Artificially sweetened beverages consumption and risk of obesity-related cancers: a wide-angled Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11: 1347724.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1347724"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02993-x","article-title":"Causal relationship of sugar-sweetened and sweet beverages with colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"62","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO05756A","article-title":"The causal association between artificial sweeteners and the risk of cancer: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan N , Yazdanpanah O , Khaleghi B , Benjamin DJ , Kalebasty AR . The role of dietary sugars in cancer risk: A comprehensive review of current evidence. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2025; 43: 100876.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2025.100876"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(98)00016-2"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(93)90186-3"},{"issue":"142","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.198","first-page":"38285","article-title":"Aspartame: Commissioner\u2019s final decision","volume":"46","year":"1981","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2002.1542"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.200","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO. Joint, FAO WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives: Summary of findings of the evaluation of aspartame at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme\u2019s 134th Meeting, 6\u201313 June 2023. WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) 96th meeting, 2023. (accessed."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(07)60070-9","article-title":"Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles","volume":"19","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Environ Sci (China"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2011.05.001"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70086-6"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7100920"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(76)90012-9"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.206","unstructured":"Ortega N , Tennant PW , Greenwood DC , et al. Meta-analyses of dietary exposures must consider energy adjustment: recommendations from a meta-scientific review. arXiv preprint arXiv:251207531 2025."},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa315"},{"key":"2026072714004670000_2026.06.22.26355879v1.208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.11.008"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.06.22.26355879","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T21:01:13Z","timestamp":1785186073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.06.22.26355879"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":208,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.06.22.26355879","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}