{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:31:29Z","timestamp":1792647089122,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":66,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R35 NS 142987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 NS 142987"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 MH 046742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH 046742"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Computational Neuroscience Training Grant","award":["5T90DA059112-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T90DA059112-03"]}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014rsed66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wallonie- Belgium International - WBI"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Rising ocean temperatures challenge ectothermic animals to maintain essential behaviors such as movement and feeding. We asked how a complete neuromuscular pathway preserves function when every component process responds differently to warming. In the pyloric system of the crab\n                  <jats:italic>Cancer borealis<\/jats:italic>\n                  , we simultaneously recorded motor nerve activity, muscle membrane potential, and contraction. Warming preserved rhythmic nerve activity and excitatory junctional potentials, but contraction declined and failed first. Fixed low-frequency stimulation, mimicking cold-temperature motor output, resulted in reduced contraction at warm temperatures, whereas higher-frequency stimulation, mimicking warm-temperature motor output, partially restored contraction. Warming hyperpolarized muscle fibers, moving them farther from contraction threshold, but also reduced input resistance, which together limited over-excitability. However, high-potassium stimulation revealed that the muscle contractile machinery remained functional. Thus, warming acts differently across levels, and overlapping compensatory mechanisms help preserve neuromuscular function across a wide range of temperatures.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Significance statement<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cold-blooded animals that live in climates with significant seasonal changes in ambient temperature must have myriad mechanisms to function over a wide range of environmental conditions. We explore the effects of temperature at multiple levels of organization within the stomatogastric system of the crab,\n                    <jats:italic>Cancer borealis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We find a series of compensatory mechanisms that cooperatively help maintain stable function despite the fact that the motor patterns, neuromuscular junctions and muscle functions are all differently temperature dependent.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.23.734078","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T16:35:15Z","timestamp":1782750915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Compensation of the effects of temperature on a motor system in the crab,\n                  <i>Cancer borealis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4435-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Jacquerie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7503-035X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"DiMartino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3146-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananya","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7431-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9632-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eve","family":"Marder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3347-06.2006"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-002-0279-9"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.148908"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00693006"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00294.2025"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2018.1475831"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01312"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2584-12.2012"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0351-21.2021"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009939"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.94.1.251"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656781"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02029017"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76579"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/1207"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.035"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02717"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00483.2023"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00605523"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014505"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244458"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-015-0912-x"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115244"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.5.2559"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2013-0061"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007790"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808913106"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2012.00027"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.199190"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2014.02.013"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-014-0975-2"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.69.031905.161516"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1261-21.2021"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1149391"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1974.0024"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2022.995354"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-15-05956.1997"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-09-03433.1998"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72955"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.40","unstructured":"\u2018NOAA\u2019 (2026). Available at: https:\/\/www.ndbc.noaa.gov\/station_page.php?station=44013."},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282092"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.09.013"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31879"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60454"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.01.008"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.98844.2"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.029892"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00906.2013"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002265"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.849160"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1263591"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(85)90438-4"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1541390"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.98.1.39"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00612600"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000469"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1443-12.2012"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008188"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067930"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00307"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.1.216"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2018.01.023"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.1.111"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.56.2.30156050"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02082"},{"key":"2026070109301200000_2026.06.23.734078v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00481.2005"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.06.23.734078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:30:42Z","timestamp":1782923442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.06.23.734078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.06.23.734078","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}