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Trigger valves use geometric features to autonomously control the release of fluids in microfluidic devices. Our previous work has adapted geometries used in closed trigger valve systems to enable use in open systems, allowing for open microfluidic devices with up to three trigger valves. Here, we focus on the parallel co-flows produced by sequential release of trigger valves and present a model that predicts their layer widths as a function of the geometric characteristics of the different side channels of each trigger valve. We show layered co-flows with widths as low as 50 microns. Additionally, we expand the use of trigger valves in open microfluidic devices by incorporating 1) varied step heights, 2) devices with up to seven trigger valves, and 3) use of varied fluids and plastics including an application with fibroblasts in collagen. To validate the implementation and use of these trigger valves in open systems, we have developed a theoretical framework to compare predicted outcomes (i.e., fluid travel distance, velocity, and layering width) with our experimental values. This theoretical work offers applications in various fields, including hydrogel patterning for 3D cell culture, organ-on-a-chip models, at-home sample preparation, and autonomous microfluidic systems for biosensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.25.734354","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:25:13Z","timestamp":1782483913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and validation of parallel co-flow layer widths of viscous liquids in open-capillary trigger valve systems"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0958-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie C.","family":"Tokihiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. 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