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These experiments consist of acquiring extensive imaging data in one participant, ultimately improving the sensitivity and specificity of individual-specific functional localization. Despite its advantages, studies have primarily focused on understanding individual-specific cortical activation, preventing a holistic view of a systems-level functional response, and to date, best approaches for the statistical analysis of controlled task-based, densely sampled, whole-brain data have not yet been fully established. Therefore, in this study, we collected whole-brain (i.e. covering cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem) multi-echo densely sampled data of the auditory system, a system with major subcortical components, and evaluated activation sensitivity as well as activation stability across data subsets of commonly-used whole-brain and region-specific inference testing approaches. The whole-brain approaches involved standard voxel-level and cluster-level inference schemes with varying statistical thresholds and a non-parametric permutation inference approach. The region-specific approaches involved an exploratory top % t-statistics methods and non-parametric permutation inference approaches. We found that a whole-brain voxel-level approach with a false discovery rate (FDR) correction (p&lt;0.05) presented highest sensitivity across regions and subjects as well as most consistent detection of expected auditory regions, even with lower scan duration. In addition, we found that a region-specific top % t-statistic approach may be a useful exploratory functional localization tool and a complementary method to standard inference testing approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.29.735344","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:14:49Z","timestamp":1782818089000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Approaches for Inference Testing of Whole-Brain Densely Sampled Single-Subject Task fMRI Data"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3862-5596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United 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