{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T13:24:04Z","timestamp":1783171444450,"version":"3.54.6"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming together with dysregulated mTOR signaling are hallmarks of cancer, where altered chromatin methylation and nutrient-sensing pathways cooperate to drive tumor progression.\n                  <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                  -adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor, is essential for these processes, yet how tumors sustain elevated SAM availability to support oncogenic transmethylation reactions remains poorly defined. Here, using prostate cancer (PCa) as a model system, we identify nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) as a critical metabolic-epigenetic regulator and tumor suppressor. Using a prostate-specific\n                  <jats:italic>Nnmt<\/jats:italic>\n                  knockout mouse model, we demonstrate that NNMT loss accelerates PCa progression, particularly in the context of\n                  <jats:italic>Pten<\/jats:italic>\n                  deletion, resulting in infiltrating carcinoma and reduced survival. Mechanistically, NNMT functions as a \u201cSAM-sink,\u201d and its loss increases intracellular SAM abundance, thereby activating mTORC1 signaling through SAMTOR-dependent sensing and broadly enhancing chromatin methylation. In human PCa, recurrent genomic deletions of NNMT occur in up to 7% of cases, and NNMT protein expression is largely absent in primary tumors and metastases. NNMT-deficient PCa cells exhibit elevated SAM:SAH ratios, increased histone methylation, and heightened mTORC1 activity, enabling sustained tumor growth even under dietary methionine-restriction (MR). Notably, combined MR and pharmacologic mTORC1 inhibition synergistically suppresses the growth of NNMT-deficient tumors, revealing a previously unrecognized therapeutic vulnerability. Collectively, these findings establish NNMT as a key tumor suppressor that constrains SAM-driven epigenetic and signaling programs in PCa and suggest a rational, diet-based therapeutic strategy for advanced cancers with NNMT loss.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.30.734970","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:02:43Z","timestamp":1782921763000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NNMT Loss Drives Cancer Progression by enhancing SAM availability for mTORC1 Signaling and Chromatin Methylation"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Qu","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Mitchell-Vel\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharan","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Mannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyein","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alhusayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Yashfeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishnan","family":"Natesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natarajan V","family":"Bhanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha","family":"Paturu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javed","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooryanarayana","family":"Varambally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Feldser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII\/III, Philadelphia, PA.USA"},{"name":"Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priti","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arul M.","family":"Chinnaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 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