{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:22:24Z","timestamp":1790648544982,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"group-title":"Pharmacology and Toxicology","reference-count":31,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["R01EY028996-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY028996-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wkg3b53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Retinal and choroidal vascular diseases are major causes of vision loss that require frequent intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Anti-angiogenic peptide AXT107 demonstrated efficacy in preclinical studies and was advanced to the clinical stage. To provide for sustained delivery of the peptide and avoid complications with intravitreal injection, we evaluated suprachoroidal delivery of AXT107 microparticles (MP-AXT107). The original, soluble AXT107 formulation was ineffective at inhibiting laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in our rat model and was consequently reformulated as microparticles. MP-AXT107 demonstrated high peptide incorporation efficiency, reproducible morphology, and physical and chemical stability for at least 9 months under refrigerated storage. In the rat CNV model, suprachoroidal MP-AXT107 significantly reduced neovascular area by approximately 60% relative to vehicle controls. Safety and durability were evaluated in a 9-month GLP toxicology study in G\u00f6ttingen minipigs following a single suprachoroidal injection of vehicle or MP-AXT107 (0.125\u20131.25 mg\/eye). Transient increases in IOP and mild ocular inflammatory findings were observed immediately following administration but resolved rapidly without lasting effects. No treatment-related adverse ocular findings were observed during the remainder of the study, and the highest tested dose (1.25 mg\/eye) was established as the no-observed-adverse-effect level. Bioanalysis at study completion demonstrated persistent AXT107 localization primarily within choroid\/RPE and scleral tissues, with no signs of systemic exposure. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that suprachoroidal delivery of MP-AXT107 enables sustained anti-angiogenic activity with favorable ocular safety and prolonged tissue retention, supporting further clinical development as a durable therapy for retinal and choroidal vascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.06.30.735614","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T03:45:15Z","timestamp":1783309515000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Suprachoroidal Delivery of Anti-Angiogenic Peptide Microparticles Enables Sustained Activity with Favorable Ocular Safety"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0602-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam C.","family":"Mirando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"},{"name":"AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Lima e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5262-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jikui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4176-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"},{"name":"AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20816, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2531-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Campochiaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6706-9235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander S.","family":"Popel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"},{"name":"AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niranjan B.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"},{"name":"AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026070803351210000_2026.06.30.735614v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2026070803351210000_2026.06.30.735614v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027"},{"key":"2026070803351210000_2026.06.30.735614v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-013-0993-5"},{"key":"2026070803351210000_2026.06.30.735614v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.17"},{"key":"2026070803351210000_2026.06.30.735614v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.6.26"},{"key":"2026070803351210000_2026.06.30.735614v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabral, T. et al. 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