{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:10:24Z","timestamp":1785431424946,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":49,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DGE 2140743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 2140743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["R01 AI132606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI132606"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 AI153521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI153521"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Two new antibiotics, zoliflodacin and gepotidacin, were recently approved for the treatment of urogenital gonorrhea. While combination therapy could, in principle, delay the emergence and spread of resistance, doing so depends on the absence of antagonism between the co-administered drugs. Using\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  checkerboard testing, we observed no evidence of antagonism for all pairwise combinations of zoliflodacin, gepotidacin, and ciprofloxacin, including in strains with elevated ciprofloxacin MICs.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.07.737061","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:30:19Z","timestamp":1783571419000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                  evaluation of the activity of pairwise combinations of zoliflodacin, gepotidacin, and ciprofloxacin against\n                  <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5908-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bailey","family":"Bowcutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2208-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditi","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha G.","family":"Palace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-1314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonatan H.","family":"Grad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance, 2024 (Provisional). STI Statistics https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sti-statistics\/annual\/index.html (2025)."},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/gonorrhea-adults.htm."},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.3","first-page":"2200899","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant, multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a novel mosaic penA-237.001 gene, France, June 2022","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae369"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.5","first-page":"2200803","article-title":"Detection of 10 cases of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United Kingdom, December 2021 to June 2022","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00230-5"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf071"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlae053","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae053","article-title":"High prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant and XDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae in several cities of Cambodia, 2022\u201323: WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP)","volume":"6","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrob. 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U.S. Food and Drug Administration https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-two-oral-therapies-treat-gonorrhea (2025)."},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00145-3","article-title":"Resistance-minimising strategies for introducing a novel antibiotic for gonorrhoea treatment: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0141-x"},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.13","unstructured":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment and care. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240107243."},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.14","unstructured":"WHO updated recommendations on HIV clinical management: recommendations for a public health approach. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240119468."},{"key":"2026071106251161000_2026.07.07.737061v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of Gepotidacin: Well-Balanced Dual-Targeting against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV in Cells and In Vitro","volume":"11","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Infect. 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