{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:53Z","timestamp":1785437033744,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"group-title":"Physiology","reference-count":99,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["23TPA1066252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23TPA1066252"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013kjyp64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIEHS","award":["P30 ES006694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES006694"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007899","name":"University of Arizona","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research, Innovation & Impact (RII)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research, Innovation & Impact (RII)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In humans, prenatal dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure is associated with increased risks of adverse fetal outcomes as well as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring in a fetal sex-specific manner. However, mechanisms underlying these prenatal DBP exposure-associated adverse fetal\/offspring outcomes are unclear. We\n                    <jats:bold>hypothesize<\/jats:bold>\n                    that environmentally relevant low-dose prenatal DBP exposure dysregulates fetal-placental vascular function and lipid metabolism in a fetal sex-specific manner, thereby impairing placental efficiency and programming adverse offspring metabolic outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Female CD-1 adult mice (8-10 weeks) were orally dosed with vehicle or an environmentally relevant low-dose DBP (0.1\u03bcg\/kg\/day) daily from 30 days pre-pregnancy through gestational day (GD) 18.5. Fetal-placental vascular hemodynamics of these dams were examined using high-frequency ultrasound at multiple timepoints. The effect of prenatal environmentally relevant low-dose DBP exposure on placental efficiency, spatial transcriptomic profiles, lipid homeostasis, and placental vascular endothelial cells function in male and female fetuses were evaluated at gestational day (GD) 18.5.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prenatal low-dose DBP exposure dysregulated the fetal-placental vascular hemodynamic indices from mid-to late gestation. DBP exposure impairs placental efficiency in male, but not female placenta at GD18.5. Further, female placentas exhibited fetal labyrinth vasculature-specific transcriptomic adaptations that preserves placental efficiency and endothelial function. In contrast, male placentas exhibited minimum transcriptomic adaptation, together with compromised placental efficiency and endothelial function associated with lipotoxic lipid profile.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, prenatal low-dose DBP exposure dysregulates placental vascular function and lipid homeostasis in a fetal sex-specific manner, with male fetuses being more susceptible to DBP exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.11.732137","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:10:27Z","timestamp":1783966227000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal Dibutyl Phthalate Exposure Dysregulates Fetal-Placental Vascular Function and Placental Vasculature-Specific Lipid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Xinran","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilen","family":"Kadlec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelieann R.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026072121202515000_2026.07.11.732137v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00364.2017"},{"key":"2026072121202515000_2026.07.11.732137v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.119.007294"},{"key":"2026072121202515000_2026.07.11.732137v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2012.12.009"},{"key":"2026072121202515000_2026.07.11.732137v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics7020021"},{"key":"2026072121202515000_2026.07.11.732137v2.5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates among women of childbearing age. 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