{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:06:28Z","timestamp":1784736388826,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"group-title":"Molecular Biology","reference-count":98,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Chronic infection by\n                  <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  depends on long-term survival of bradyzoites within tissue cysts, a parasite stage highly resistant to current therapies and a major barrier to eradication. Autophagy has emerged as critical pathway for bradyzoite persistence, yet the core machinery driving autophagosome formation in\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  remains poorly defined. Here, we identify TGME49_304630 as TgATG2, a previously uncharacterized, unusually large ATG2-like protein with conserved structural features of lipid-transfer factors. TgATG2 associates with TgATG9 and TgPROP1, key components of the parasite autophagy pathway, supporting its role in a membrane expansion complex required for autophagosome biogenesis. Using independent genetic knockouts, we show that TgATG2 is dispensable for intracellular tachyzoite replication but required for parasite fitness during extracellular stress and, most critically, for bradyzoite autophagy and viability. TgATG2 ablation disrupts autophagic activity in bradyzoites, causing progressive loss of viability and compromised cyst integrity. To overcome limitations of previous indirect assays, we developed a bradyzoite-specific dual-fluorescence TgATG8 reporter that quantitatively measures autophagic flux in\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  and confirmed TgATG2 as a major contributor. Importantly, TgATG2-deficient parasites are severely impaired during chronic infection in mice, with reduced brain cyst burdens, abnormal cyst morphology, and markedly diminished\n                  <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  bradyzoite viability. Together, these findings establish TgATG2 as a central component of the\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  autophagy machinery, demonstrate that autophagosome biogenesis is critical for parasite persistence\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  , and define a molecular vulnerability and quantitative platform for targeting autophagy-dependent parasite survival.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Current treatments for toxoplasmosis control acute infection but do not eliminate the long-lived tissue cysts responsible for chronic infection. This persistent stage is clinically important because cysts can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals and may also contribute to long-term disease outcomes. A major barrier to developing cyst-targeting therapies is the limited understanding of how bradyzoites maintain viability for extended periods inside host tissues. This study identifies autophagosome biogenesis as a critical survival process in bradyzoites and defines TgATG2 as a key parasite factor required for this pathway. By linking TgATG2-dependent autophagy to cyst viability and persistence\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , our work highlights parasite autophagy as a potential target for eliminating chronic infection. The autophagic flux reporter developed here also provides an important tool for future studies and for screening approaches aimed at discovering inhibitors of bradyzoite survival.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.16.739079","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:20:20Z","timestamp":1784589620000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma<\/i>\n                  TgATG2 works with TgATG9 and TgProp1 to drive autophagic flux for parasite extracellular survival and persistence"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Masci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pariyamon","family":"Thaprawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Piro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey L.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vern B.","family":"Carruthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manlio","family":"Di Cristina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.01.1.11-21.2002"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020304","article-title":"How Cells Deal with the Fluctuating Environment: Autophagy Regulation under Stress in Yeast and Mammalian Systems","volume":"11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvab017"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.168"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-072425-030036","article-title":"The Human Autophagy Core Complexes","volume":"95","year":"2026","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.101.005"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7714"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.9","first-page":"158956","article-title":"Atg2 and Atg9: Intermembrane and interleaflet lipid transporters driving autophagy","volume":"1866","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201811139"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534061","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1534061","article-title":"VPS13 and bridge-like lipid transporters, mechanisms, and mysteries","volume":"19","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TCB.2022.03.011"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806727115"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1659622"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201710116"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041254"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.17","unstructured":"A model for a partnership of lipid transfer proteins and scramblases in membrane expansion and organelle biogenesis | PNAS. https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2101562118. Retrieved 6 July 2026."},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149211","DOI":"10.1080\/27694127.2022.2149211","article-title":"Autophagy in protists and their hosts: When, how and why?","volume":"2","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy Rep"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2123639","article-title":"Apicoplast biogenesis mediated by ATG8 requires the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L and SNAP29 complexes in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0149521","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01495-21","article-title":"Toxoplasma TgAtg8-TgAtg3 Interaction Primarily Contributes to Apicoplast Inheritance and Parasite Growth in Tachyzoite","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.10.008"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.22","first-page":"e01468","article-title":"Autophagy-Related Protein ATG18 Regulates Apicoplast Biogenesis in Apicomplexan Parasites","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.23","first-page":"fnx153","article-title":"Autophagy participates in the unfolded protein response in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"364","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17096","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.96","article-title":"Toxoplasma depends on lysosomal consumption of autophagosomes for persistent infection","volume":"2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.01.001","article-title":"Apicomplexan autophagy and modulation of autophagy in parasite-infected host cells","volume":"40","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedical Journal"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen HM , El Hajj H , El Hajj R , Tawil N , Berry L , Lebrun M , Bordat Y , Besteiro S . 2017. Toxoplasma gondii autophagy-related protein ATG9 is crucial for the survival of parasites in their host. Cell Microbiol 19.","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12712"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01446-15"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.06.006"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2012.04.001"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01745.x"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.25189"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051258","article-title":"The Autophagy Machinery in Human-Parasitic Protists; Diverse Functions for Universally Conserved Proteins","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166891","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii autophagy-related protein ATG7 maintains apicoplast inheritance by stabilizing and lipidating ATG8","volume":"1870","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.25832"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.23689"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.26743"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36084-0","article-title":"Rapid metabolic reprogramming mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase during the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14455","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14455","article-title":"The \u03b1 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase is critical for the metabolic success and tachyzoite proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"17","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.01.001","article-title":"Apicomplexan autophagy and modulation of autophagy in parasite-infected host cells","volume":"40","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201308002","DOI":"10.5936\/csbj.201308002","article-title":"Autophagy in Plasmodium, a multifunctional pathway?","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59384","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59384","article-title":"Toxoplasma TgATG9 is critical for autophagy and long-term persistence in tissue cysts","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418256","DOI":"10.1080\/27694127.2024.2418256","article-title":"TgATG9 is required for autophagosome biogenesis and maintenance of chronic infection in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"3","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy Rep"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0082924","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00829-24","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii PROP1 is critical for autophagy and parasite viability during chronic infection","volume":"10","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12951"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01188-14"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.46","first-page":"e00934","article-title":"Acquisition of Host Cytosolic Protein by Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07181.x"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002416"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.003780"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm981"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.013"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3365"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12626"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201800001X"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235614"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-011-0869-0"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21028"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0059723","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00597-23","article-title":"A Toxoplasma gondii putative amino acid transporter localizes to the plant-like vacuolar compartment and controls parasite extracellular survival and stage differentiation","volume":"9","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.10.15492"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells6030023"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2422582122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2422582122","article-title":"Mec1-mediated Atg9 phosphorylation regulates the PAS recruitment of Atg9 vesicles upon energy stress","volume":"122","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867257","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.867257","article-title":"Cyclin C-Cdk8 Kinase Phosphorylation of Rim15 Prevents the Aberrant Activation of Stress Response Genes","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2014.0042"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404399200"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-018-2258-9"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.09.037"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091865"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.12.18424"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.4451"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401461200"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02460-2"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018556"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9857-9_15"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195921"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0364221","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03642-21","article-title":"Structure-Function Relationship for a Divergent Atg8 Protein Required for a Nonautophagic Function in Apicomplexan Parasites","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420889.2016.1197447"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.02.008"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16280"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202211039"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.10.017"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107837"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vargas Duarte P , Reggiori F . 2023. The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites. Contact (Thousand Oaks) 6:25152564231183898.","DOI":"10.1177\/25152564231183898"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15135","article-title":"Expansion microscopy of apicomplexan parasites","volume":"121","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02678-3"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257998"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106508","article-title":"Direct and indirect antiparasitic effects of chloroquine against the virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii: An experimental study","volume":"232","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3853-5"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3300853"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.12.008"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erw211"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom7040077"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1677-1682.1999"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2013.03.003","article-title":"Evidence of tRNA cleavage in apicomplexan parasites: Half-tRNAs as new potential regulatory molecules of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium berghei","volume":"188","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12999"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02174"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9857-9_6"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010138"},{"key":"2026072209000892000_2026.07.16.739079v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899243","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.899243","article-title":"Functional Characterization of the Thrombospondin-Related Paralogous Proteins Rhoptry Discharge Factors 1 and 2 Unveils Phenotypic Plasticity in Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Exocytosis","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.07.16.739079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1784736021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.07.16.739079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":98,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.07.16.739079","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}