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On the other hand, polysaccharides often serve as the main structural components in biofilms: surface-attached aggregates of bacterial cells encased within a mechanically resilient extracellular matrix. The large chemical space explored by bacteria within biofilms provides excellent opportunities to establish the structure-function relationship for polysaccharides. In this paper, we systematically characterize various polymer properties of\n                  <jats:underline>V<\/jats:underline>\n                  ibrio\n                  <jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>\n                  oly\n                  <jats:underline>s<\/jats:underline>\n                  accharide (VPS), the major exopolysaccharide in biofilms formed by\n                  <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  , the causative agent of pandemic cholera. Using a combination of shear rheology, dynamic and static light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering, we measure the viscosity, molecular weight, persistence length, radius of gyration, and hydrodynamic radius of this chemically unique biopolymer. Combining all-atom and coarse-grained simulations, we show how the conformational flexibility of a single glycosidic linkage within each VPS monomer can lead to dramatic compaction of the entire polymer chain and nonclassical entanglement behavior. Our comprehensive quantification represents a rare endeavor for bacterial biofilms, whose matrix composition and physical properties remain largely nebulous; it also represents a significant step towards a detailed understanding of the molecular origins of biofilm mechanics.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.22.739955","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:20:16Z","timestamp":1784866816000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conformational dynamics of exopolysaccharides underlie biofilm matrix mechanics in\n                  <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kee-Myoung","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 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