{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:03:26Z","timestamp":1785398606170,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":38,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is typically not life-threatening but may, in rare cases, affect the central nervous system (CNS). In three cohorts of confirmed CHIKV cases from Martinique (French overseas territory) and Brazil (patients aged 0\u201389 years,\n                  <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                  = 245), 20 patients had CNS infection (aged 17\u201387 years). Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (AAN-I-IFN) were found in 35% of patients (4 male and 3 female, aged 17\u201387 years) with encephalitis (4\/15), encephalomyelitis (1\/2), or myelitis (2\/3), but were absent in 225 patients without CNS infection. They neutralized high concentrations (10\u20131,000 ng\/mL) of IFN-\u03b12, IFN-\u03b18, and IFN-\u03c9, and the antibodies of one patient also neutralized IFN-\u03b2. All samples also neutralized the other 10 IFN-\u03b1 subtypes (at least 100 pg\/mL). This combination of blood autoantibodies occurs in \u223c0.02% and 0.6% of healthy individuals under and over 70 years of age, respectively. The presence of AAN-I-IFN before CHIKV infection therefore increased the risk of CNS disease \u223c850-fold relative to the general population.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.23.26358609","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:20:18Z","timestamp":1785176418000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons underlie a third of cases of Chikungunya virus encephalitis or myelitis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5320-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vu L.","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1083-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Gervais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Mechtilde","family":"Champeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France"},{"name":"Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"de Souza Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Global e Doen\u00e7as Negligenciadas, Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribbean Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm CIC 2504, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Calmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribbean Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm CIC 2504, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateus Santana","family":"do Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Global e Doen\u00e7as Negligenciadas, Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laire","family":"Schidlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdades Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe, Av. Igua\u00e7u, 333, CEP 80230-020, Rebou\u00e7as, Curitiba, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, CEP 80250-060, \u00c1gua Verde, Curitiba, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan D.","family":"Simione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Augusto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia de Doen\u00e7as Virais, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Puel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France"},{"name":"Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bastard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France"},{"name":"Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France"},{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France, EU"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France"},{"name":"Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Prando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdades Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe, Av. 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