{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T14:57:44Z","timestamp":1785596264477,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"group-title":"Molecular Biology","reference-count":75,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Astonishing Labs"},{"name":"Tufts University Core Facility Genomics Core"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Exposure to the potassium channel blocker barium chloride (BaCl\u2082) causes head degeneration in\n                  <jats:italic>Dugesia japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                  flatworms, followed by regeneration of BaCl\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  -insensitive heads, offering a unique model for studying transcriptional resilience to novel stress. We performed RNA sequencing on individual planaria to investigate different transcriptional solutions to the BaCl\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  challenge, and how regeneration history and social environment shape transcriptomic responses to BaCl\u2082. We identified a robust transcriptional strategy and a potential sub-strategy for enabling BaCl\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  -insensitive head formation. Moreover, we observed pronounced transcriptional differences between untreated worms regenerating from tail fission fragments (tail-regenerated), and untreated full-sized worms that did not fission during the experiment (intact controls), highlighting the lasting impact of regeneration history. Relative to controls, tail-regenerated worms upregulated neurodevelopmental and morphogenetic programs, while downregulating mitochondrial transport and stress-response pathways. Relative to intact controls, BaCl\u2082-exposed regenerates upregulated ion transport, metabolic, cell cycle, and inflammatory pathways, while downregulating neuronal signaling, ion homeostasis, morphogenesis, and tissue repair programs. Comparison of BaCl\u2082-exposed isolated and BaCl\u2082-exposed group-housed worms revealed minimal transcriptional divergence between social conditions. These findings underscore the complex interplay between regeneration, chemical stress, and social context in shaping gene expression.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.28.741268","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:20:15Z","timestamp":1785331215000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptional Profiling of Planarian Regeneration Habituating to Physiological Stressor Reveals Individual and Collective Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania E.","family":"Kapsetaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomer","family":"Landsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States"},{"name":"Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026080107300590000_2026.07.28.741268v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712319871360","article-title":"Of what is \u201cminimal cognition\u201d the half-baked version?","volume":"28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adaptive Behavior"},{"key":"2026080107300590000_2026.07.28.741268v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-005-0016-8"},{"key":"2026080107300590000_2026.07.28.741268v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin, M ., The Multiscale Wisdom of the Body: Collective Intelligence as a Tractable Interface for Next-Generation Biomedicine. 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