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Upon cellular stress, G3BP1 forms complex coacervates with translationally repressed mRNAs and recruits multiple RNA-binding proteins to form reversible biomolecular condensates. Persistent SGs are linked to age-dependent dynamical arrest and impaired disassembly. Here, we employ active and passive nanoscale rheology with optical tweezers to show that G3BP1 condensates evolve from being dominantly viscous fluids to dynamically arrested network glasses characterized by nanoscale caging and elastic memory. Integrating atomistic and coarse-grained simulations with experiments, we find that electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged intrinsically disordered regions drive condensate ageing. RNA modulates these interactions in a length-and structure-dependent manner, delaying dynamic arrest, whereas Caprin-1 binding to the NTF2L domain has little effect. Together, these findings reveal how competing inter-IDR and IDR\u2013RNA interactions govern condensate ageing and material-state transitions. The findings have broader implications for the regulation of SG dynamics in cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.07.31.741769","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T05:15:18Z","timestamp":1785561318000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Competing Molecular Interactions Govern the Dynamical Arrest of G3BP1 Condensates"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8132-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anurag","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharun Selvam","family":"Mahendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoon","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhargavi","family":"Gindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Freibaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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