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In this study, we directly account for both factors in order to estimate fine-scale mutation and recombination rate maps, as well as to infer the demographic and selective processes shaping variation, on the common marmoset X chromosome. Comparing our findings to estimates recently inferred on the autosomes of this species, we find reduced rates of mutation and recombination on the X, as expected. Furthermore, population sex ratios are inferred to be nearly equal, and the appropriately rescaled autosomal population history fits the X chromosome well. Finally, we report evidence of recent selective sweeps targeting a number of X-linked genes, including several of significant biomedical relevance. Overall, these analyses provide novel insights into the evolutionary processes shaping X chromosome evolution in this biomedically-relevant primate model.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.08.01.742247","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:41:29Z","timestamp":1786077689000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inferring the relative contributions of evolutionary processes shaping X chromosome dynamics in the common marmoset (\n                  <i>Callithrix jacchus<\/i>\n                  ) in the presence of twinning and hematopoietic chimerism"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Vivak","family":"Soni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril J.","family":"Versoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devangana","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1378-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne P.","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4786-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11745"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6386707"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000082"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001899"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.138.3539.513"},{"key":"2026080900500747000_2026.08.01.742247v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergeron LA , et al. 2021. 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