{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:20:20Z","timestamp":1788466820785,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":101,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI163029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI163029"]}]},{"name":"NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program","award":["UL1TR001866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001866"]}]},{"name":"ANR","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-01"]}]},{"name":"FRM","award":["EQU202503020018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQU202503020018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012007","name":"Rockefeller University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KL2TR001865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012007","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs (AAN\u2013IFN-I) have been found in significant proportions of cases of severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19 pneumonia. We performed a systematic review of 54 studies reporting auto-Abs against type I IFNs and a meta-analysis of 20 studies reporting auto- Abs neutralizing type I IFNs published between 2020 and 2026. The meta-analysis included data for 11,380 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals from Europe, North America, South America, Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and international multicenter cohorts, including 7,814 with severe or critical disease (69%). The pooled prevalence of AAN\u2013IFN-I was estimated at 7.9% (95% CI, 6.0\u201310.4). Disease severity was strongly associated with AAN\u2013IFN-I prevalence (OR, 11.7; 95% CI, 7.6\u201317.9;\n                  <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                  =5\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2079). The pooled prevalence of AAN-IFN-I reached 11.4% (95% CI, 10.2\u2013 12.7%) in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 and 15.3% (95% CI, 12.1\u201319.2%) in those who died. The prevalence of AAN\u2013IFN-I increased with age in patients with severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19. AAN-IFN-I probably accounted for about 1.1 million of the 7.1 million deaths from COVID-19. AAN-IFN-I are strong, common, global determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.08.06.26359907","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:00:11Z","timestamp":1786370411000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia: a meta-analysis from 2020\u20132026"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Elsa","family":"Feredj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, UTSW Branch, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bastard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France"},{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Laurent","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, UTSW Branch, Dallas, TX, USA"},{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UTSW, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7209-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Cobat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026090313000720000_2026.08.06.26359907v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3012"},{"key":"2026090313000720000_2026.08.06.26359907v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04447-0"},{"key":"2026090313000720000_2026.08.06.26359907v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2116901","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16901","article-title":"Clinical Characterization and Prediction of Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among US Adults Using Data From the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative","volume":"4","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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