{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:30:07Z","timestamp":1786509007224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":39,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 NS 106018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS 106018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 NS 107790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS 107790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 NS 115716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS 115716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["IOS 2042397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS 2042397"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Arc genes evolved from Ty3 retrotransposons and encode proteins that self-assemble into virus-like capsids that package and transfer RNA between cells. This capsid-forming property may mediate a form of intercellular signaling distinct from classical synaptic transmission, but whether it operates within a defined neuronal system to control an ongoing behavior remains unclear. Here we show that Arc-dependent capsid signaling links serotonergic and PAM neurons to set sleep depth in\n                  <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Loss of\n                  <jats:italic>dArc<\/jats:italic>\n                  genes deepened and consolidated sleep, increasing both sleep depth and the arousal threshold to mechanical stimulation, while leaving the diurnal sleep pattern intact.\n                  <jats:italic>dArc1<\/jats:italic>\n                  was required in serotonergic neurons and, to a lesser extent, in PAM neurons, and both the loss-of-function phenotype and its rescue depended on capsid formation. Knocking down\n                  <jats:italic>dArc1<\/jats:italic>\n                  in Sas-expressing cells, or Ptp10D in PAM neurons, reproduced the deeper, more consolidated sleep of\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    dArc\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  flies, implicating the Sas-Ptp10D machinery in this signaling. These results identify Arc-dependent capsid signaling as a mechanism that links two modulatory neuronal populations to regulate an ongoing homeostatic behavior.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.08.06.743357","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:00:14Z","timestamp":1786417214000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arc capsid signaling between serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons sets sleep depth in\n                  <i>Drosophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Butts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"DeNiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Bervoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7384-8289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie Jeanne C\u00e9cile","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026081121000438000_2026.08.06.743357v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.03.030"},{"key":"2026081121000438000_2026.08.06.743357v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20141446"},{"key":"2026081121000438000_2026.08.06.743357v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.022"},{"key":"2026081121000438000_2026.08.06.743357v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.024"},{"key":"2026081121000438000_2026.08.06.743357v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.102979"},{"key":"2026081121000438000_2026.08.06.743357v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zinter M , Xiao C , M\u2019Angale P , et al. 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