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This study identifies oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)-expressing neurons within the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) of mice as a key node in the neural circuitry underlying threat-related and social behaviors. These Oxtr neurons are activated by aversive stimuli and by observing demonstrator mice in stressful situations, including foot shock or inflammatory pain. Chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons alters social proximity and pain contagion in observers without affecting general anxiety-like behavior. Inhibition also transiently suppresses non-social central sensitization. Direct activation of lPBN\n                  <jats:sup>Oxtr<\/jats:sup>\n                  neurons with a selective Oxtr agonist is anxiogenic and results in increased tactile sensitivity. Together, these findings suggest that lPBN\n                  <jats:sup>Oxtr<\/jats:sup>\n                  neurons are poised to integrate information about environmental threat, whether experienced directly or witnessed in a conspecific to coordinate appropriate defensive behavioral responses.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.08.06.743398","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1786180512000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parabrachial oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons link social observation of distress to defensive behavior"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena N.","family":"Judd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6276-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan L.","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1795-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayaka J.","family":"Kenmochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4713-7816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Bruchas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-0582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Palmiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-102320-102847"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.114881"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00356","article-title":"The Oxytocin-Vasopressin Pathway in the Context of Love and Fear","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.13.5981"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado5609"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2864-20.2021"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00759-w"},{"key":"2026081011551200000_2026.08.06.743398v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triana-Del Rio, R. , et al. 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