{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:29:35Z","timestamp":1786969775511,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"group-title":"Oncology","reference-count":25,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["U01CA292765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA292765"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2242812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2242812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P20GM103499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D43TW009343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SkinScan3D (SS3D) is a novel, artificial intelligence\u2013enabled device that provides objective three-dimensional measurements for monitoring Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) lesions. Prior to launching a clinical trial of the device, we obtained end-user perspectives to guide device refinement.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between April and May 2025, we conducted six focus group discussions and 28 in-depth interviews with patients, healthcare providers, and community representatives in Kenya and Uganda. Participants viewed a demonstration video and handled the SS3D prototype. Data were analyzed using hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis informed by the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Model and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Qualitative findings were synthesized into a conceptual framework for SS3D adoption with two interconnected themes: 1) experiences and context, and 2) device perceptions and implementation factors. Participants\u2019 receptivity to the device was first shaped by experiences with medical technologies and the broader sociocultural context, including trust in providers, health beliefs, and gender preferences. After interacting with the prototype, participants viewed the SS3D as intuitive, accurate, and potentially capable of improving the objectivity and efficiency of KS lesion monitoring. They identified concerns related to safety, infection prevention, data security, affordability, maintenance, and workflow integration. Successful implementation was perceived to depend on device refinement, supportive organizational factors, including leadership engagement, provider training, maintenance capacity, and patient education to address misconceptions about the device. Participants proposed hardware, software, connectivity, and training refinements to support safe integration into routine clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>End users demonstrated overall satisfaction and receptivity to the SS3D, given potential benefits for both patients and providers. We identified targeted refinements to optimize the device\u2019s functionality and integration into the oncology environment to improve its fit with the local context.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.08.12.26360308","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T12:50:17Z","timestamp":1786711817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["End-user perspectives on design and implementation of a novel SkinScan3D (SS3D) device for monitoring Kaposi Sarcoma in East Africa: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Philippa Kadama","family":"Makanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet F.","family":"Adhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Mangale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Nansereko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane Frances","family":"Nalubega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roselyn","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mudhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Bukusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Okuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aggrey","family":"Semeere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Odeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beryne","family":"Odeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026081705201453000_2026.08.12.26360308v1.1","unstructured":"Ferlay J , Ervik M , Lam F , Laversanne M , Colombet M , Mery L , et al. 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