{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:55Z","timestamp":1792790395837,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":43,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01HL165318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL165318"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["RF1NS128488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS128488"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R35GM128761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM128761"]}]},{"name":"United States Department of Energy","award":["DE-SC0025928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0025928"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znn6x10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High-speed three-dimensional imaging in scattering biological tissues remains challenging because volumetric microscopy generally requires scanning, whereas snapshot light-field approaches divide limited detector pixels among multiple views. This constraint is particularly severe in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II), where InGaAs cameras have small sensor formats and high detector noise. Here we introduce NIR-II squeezed light-field microscopy (NIR-II SLIM), which optically rotates and compresses multiple perspective views before detection, allowing efficient use of camera pixels while retaining complementary spatial information for three-dimensional reconstruction. NIR-II SLIM acquires up to 600 volumes s-1 with a reconstructed lateral sampling grid of 512 x 512 pixels. We use this method for label-free imaging of cardiac dynamics in pigmented late-larval zebrafish, resolving chamber deformation and millisecond-scale atrioventricular-valve motion, and for NIR-II fluorescence imaging of vascular and lymphatic transport in mice. NIR-II SLIM provides a detector-efficient approach for high-speed volumetric imaging of rapid biological dynamics in scattering tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.08.13.744709","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T08:45:19Z","timestamp":1786783519000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NIR-II squeezed light-field microscopy enables high-speed volumetric imaging of deep-tissue dynamics in vivo"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4404-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2260-203X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen Yuan","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzung","family":"Hsiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Sletten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T. , Chen, Y. , Wang, B. , Gao, X. & Wu, M . Recent Progress in Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Fluorescence Imaging in Cancer. Biomolecules 12 (2022). PMC9405640","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081044"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c07022"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201800466","article-title":"Recent Progress in Fluorescence Imaging of the Near-Infrared II Window","volume":"19","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.577163","article-title":"Review of shortwave infrared imaging and spectroscopy in tissue [Invited]","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SC01153B","article-title":"Recent advances in near-infrared II fluorophores for multifunctional biomedical imaging","volume":"9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemical science"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750404","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.750404","article-title":"Recent advances in second near-infrared region (NIR-II) fluorophores and biomedical applications","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Chemistry"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900917","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201900917","article-title":"Recent advances on activatable NIR-II fluorescence probes for biomedical imaging","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advanced Optical Materials"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201400168","article-title":"Single-walled carbon nanotubes as near-infrared optical biosensors for life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnology journal"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120717","article-title":"NIR-II bioimaging of small organic molecule","volume":"271","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00496","article-title":"Recent advances in rare-earth-doped nanoparticles for NIR-II imaging and cancer theranostics","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Chemistry"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104567","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202104567","article-title":"Near-Infrared-II Quantum Dots for In Vivo Imaging and Cancer Therapy","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202114722","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202114722","article-title":"The chemistry of organic contrast agents in the NIR-II window","volume":"61","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.13","first-page":"535","article-title":"Noninvasive in vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window by inorganic nanoparticle-based fluorescent probes","volume":"92","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(98)00010-8"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00318"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43533"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31928-y","article-title":"Spinning-disc confocal microscopy in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II)","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0398-7"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F. , Ma, Z. , Zhong, Y. , Salazar, F. , Xu, C. , Ren, F. , Qu, L. , Wu, A. M. & Dai, H . In vivo NIR-II structured-illumination light-sheet microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118 (2021). PMC8017937","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023888118"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44258-025-00070-6"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43074-026-00265-z"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2015.12.004"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c18263"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298849"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15269"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.71525"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02843-8"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jphyscol:1967230"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, B. , Gao, L. , Wang, J. , Huang, X. , Ge, W. , Li, S. & Wang, F . \u201cNIR-II Light Field Microscopy for Through-Skull Hemodynamic Volumetric Imaging in Awake Mice.\u201d Laser & Photonics Reviews 19, 2401685 (2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202401685"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c11599"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab310","article-title":"Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish","volume":"118","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21976"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00838"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu186"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23194"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2022.36.S1.0R509"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-026-01965-5"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26240-8"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02275-w"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2021.100009"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01612-0"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.231359"},{"key":"2026081802500905000_2026.08.13.744709v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adm6869"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.08.13.744709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:20:16Z","timestamp":1790191216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.08.13.744709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.08.13.744709","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}