{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:29:51Z","timestamp":1789658991130,"version":"4.0.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"group-title":"Cancer Biology","reference-count":77,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) within the Collaborative Research Center CRC1588","award":["493872418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["493872418"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018mejw64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bruno and Helene J\u00f6ster Foundation within project TEP-CC"},{"name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","award":["70113095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70113095"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wxdd722","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","award":["70113130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70113130"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wxdd722","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","award":["70114107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70114107"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wxdd722","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) within the ERA-NET EXPLORE-NB consortium","award":["01KT2401A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KT2401A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pz7b180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Medical Scientist Program"},{"name":"Lydia Rabinowitsch fellowship of Charit\u00e9"},{"name":"KINDerLEBEN e.V., Berlin"},{"name":"Cancer Research UK","award":["CGCATF-2021\/100017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGCATF-2021\/100017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/054225q67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["OT2CA278644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2CA278644"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Sensitive detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) remains a major unmet need in high-risk neuroblastoma.\n                  <jats:italic>MYCN<\/jats:italic>\n                  amplification, a hallmark of high-risk disease, typically occurs on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), but the potential of ecDNA-associated genomic rearrangements for individualized MRD monitoring has not been fully exploited. Here, we applied neuroblastoma-specific hybrid capture-based panel sequencing to identify patient-unique breakpoints within\n                  <jats:italic>MYCN<\/jats:italic>\n                  amplicons, and used Circle-seq and Nanopore sequencing to resolve the extrachromosomal amplicon structure in representative samples. Analysis of 8 neuroblastoma cell lines and 22 primary tumors identified 69 tumor-specific breakpoints. Those selected for assay development were validated by breakpoint-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing. Breakpoints detected in primary tumors remained detectable at relapse, supporting their stability as MRD markers. Breakpoint-specific real-time quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR detected these junctions in bone marrow aspirates with high specificity and reached sensitivities down to a tumor DNA fraction of 10\u207b\u2076. We applied this approach to 53 serial bone marrow aspirates from 14 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma to monitor MRD dynamics, resolving treatment response and molecular persistence. In six samples, breakpoint-positive DNA was detected in bone marrow that was negative by conventional cytology and immunocytology, highlighting the added value of molecular monitoring. Together, these findings establish ecDNA breakpoint-based detection as a strategy for MRD assessment in neuroblastoma, that is, in principle, applicable to any ecDNA-amplified oncogene.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Single Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breakpoints in extrachromosomal circular DNA, a substrate of oncogene amplification in cancer, can serve as diagnostic markers of minimal residual disease.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.06.749680","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:15:15Z","timestamp":1789042515000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative and sensitive neuroblastoma minimal residual disease detection using extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) breakpoints"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabell","family":"Szymansky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4784-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falk","family":"Hertwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9434-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5653-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Chamorro Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Charit\u00e9 and Max-Delbr\u00fcck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Helmsauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Charit\u00e9 and Max-Delbr\u00fcck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Marie","family":"Schroeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie J.","family":"Witthauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliz","family":"Karaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Lodrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5658-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmin","family":"W\u00fcnschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4378-3226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Wittstruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and 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