{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:39:51Z","timestamp":1789486791581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"group-title":"Genetic and Genomic Medicine","reference-count":76,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness and Bruch\u2019s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) are three-dimensional retinal biomarkers for glaucoma. We aimed to demonstrate that AI-derived thickness from two-dimensional fundus images can act as proxies, enabling the discovery of novel neurodegenerative loci. AI-derived pRNFL and BMO-MRW strongly correlated with OCT-derived thickness (r: 0.69 and 0.79, respectively). After validation, these phenotypes were predicted in two cohorts lacking disc-centred OCT: the UK Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. The predicted phenotypes showed strong genetic correlations with directly measured phenotypes from a previous study for both phenotypes (0.70 and 0.96, respectively). This data increased statistical power, identifying 29 loci for pRNFL thickness and 122 loci for BMO-MRW, including 14 loci that were independent of VCDR. We observed shared and sector-specific thickness loci overlapping glaucoma loci and revealed loci independent of known risk factors. Together, these results emphasise that multidimensional inferences can be drawn from 2D imaging, enabling downstream genetic analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.08.26362398","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:30:34Z","timestamp":1789144234000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic discovery using deep learning-derived optic nerve integrity phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Asma M.","family":"Aman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eslam","family":"Zaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"ARC Training Centre for Information Resilience (CIRES), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Diaz-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd J.","family":"Driessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor A.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank CT.","family":"van der Heide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands"},{"name":"Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"Rothschild BRAINlab, Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Kolovos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry N.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lania","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research, Ageing and Genomic Epidemiology, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabri\u00eblla A.","family":"Blokland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carroll A.","family":"Webers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla J.","family":"van der Kallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Wesselius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilja","family":"Arts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freekje","family":"van Asten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Gorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina E.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus J.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M.","family":"Heid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis R.","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayellet V.","family":"Segr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"},{"name":"Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janey L.","family":"Wiggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"},{"name":"Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Zack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex W.","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tos T.","family":"Berendschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberta A.","family":"Thiadens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin A.","family":"van Garderen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C.W.","family":"Klaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirro G.","family":"Hysi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research, Ageing and Genomic Epidemiology, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"S\u00f8rlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal Hospital, Arendal, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research, Ageing and Genomic Epidemiology, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"S\u00f8rlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal Hospital, Arendal, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wishal D.","family":"Ramdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jost B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Roosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Training Centre for Information Resilience (CIRES), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Trzaskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"ARC Training Centre for Information Resilience (CIRES), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Profenso Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puya","family":"Gharahkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002150","article-title":"Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness\/Minimum Rim Width Ratio Differentiates Glaucoma From Other Optic Neuropathies","volume":"32","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.05.005"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01428-5"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.055"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.03.26345426"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz173"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059021"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James A , Hunter M , Straker L , Beilby J , Bucks R , Davis T , et al. Rationale, design and methods for a community-based study of clustering and cumulative effects of chronic disease processes and their effects on ageing: the Busselton healthy ageing study. BMC Public Health. 2013 Oct 8;13:936.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-936"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11578-y","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in Australian baby boomers: the Busselton healthy ageing study","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.05.028"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.050"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.10.1402"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0556-y"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25138-w"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2405.09800"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1703.01365"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41588-021-00870-7"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02317-230"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0599-0"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0009-4"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01261-5"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.12.006"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004219"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0176-y"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3538"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02561-7","article-title":"SMR-Portal: an online platform for integrative analysis of GWAS and xQTL data to identify complex trait genes","volume":"22","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08757-x"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L , Hung S , Urrutia-Cabrera D , Kong RCK , Staffieri S , Ludlow LE , et al. Spatial transcriptomic profiling of human retinoblastoma [Internet]. Systems Biology. bioRxiv; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2024.02.05.578886v1","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.05.578886"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01704-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101430","article-title":"Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation","volume":"5","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj1182"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20851-4"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.208884"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20200677","article-title":"Galectin-8, cytokines, and the storm","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/bioa.1.1.14630"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00921-z"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25214967"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.2.389","article-title":"Tara, a novel F-actin binding protein, associates with the Trio guanine nucleotide exchange factor and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization","volume":"114","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21886"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35052082"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2009.12.001"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.05.004"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.002"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1406853"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy111"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2008.10.011"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.2172"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.17.3457","article-title":"Secretion of human latent TGF-beta-binding protein-3 (LTBP-3) is dependent on co-expression of TGF-beta","volume":"115","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.04.033"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55635-7","article-title":"Multi-omic spatial effects on high-resolution AI-derived retinal thickness","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33813","article-title":"Deep learning for predicting circular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness from fundus photographs and diagnosing glaucoma","volume":"10","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.12.033"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.01.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54301-2","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 22 loci for normal tension glaucoma with significant overlap with high tension glaucoma","volume":"15","author":"IGGC International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.06.06","article-title":"Different damage patterns of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer between early glaucoma and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy","volume":"13","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50068-6","article-title":"Topographic comparison of the retinal microvascular changes between patients with compressive and glaucomatous optic neuropathies","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.01.011"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363170","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1363170","article-title":"Molecular pathways in experimental glaucoma models","volume":"18","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.256"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18040486","article-title":"Overview of metformin and neurodegeneration: A comprehensive review","volume":"18","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141064","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of metformin through the modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"14","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002387","article-title":"Metformin in glaucoma treatment","volume":"33","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-21-0194"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12755"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02824-y","article-title":"Metformin protects retinal ganglion cells in a preclinical model of retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury and stabilizes visual field in diabetic patients with glaucoma","volume":"11","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-002027"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002597","article-title":"Association between long-term metformin use and risk of open angle glaucoma in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.1435","article-title":"Association of diabetes medication with open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataract in the Rotterdam Study","volume":"140","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091506203692000_2026.09.08.26362398v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101074","article-title":"Protective role of metformin in glaucoma: Prospective cohort study, meta-analysis, and drug-target Mendelian randomization","volume":"6","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.08.26362398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:20:49Z","timestamp":1789478449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.08.26362398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.09.08.26362398","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}